血清肌酐与胱抑素C比值(CCR)对HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭预后的评估价值
DOI: 10.12449/JCH240208
Value of serum creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio in assessing the prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
-
摘要:
目的 探讨血清肌酐与胱抑素C比值(CCR)评估HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)预后的临床价值。 方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年11月苏州大学附属第一医院感染病科住院治疗的130例HBV-ACLF患者(治疗组)临床资料,根据治疗结局分为生存组(n=87)和死亡组(n=43);根据是否合并感染,分为感染组(n=37)和非感染组(n=93)。以同期30例健康体检者作为对照组。收集入院当天血常规指标,包括白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数;观察入院当天、住院第5天、第10天、第15天血清肌酐、胱抑素C、血清Alb、PT,计算CCR、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、营养指数(PNI)、CCR5(入院后第5天CCR)、ΔCCR5(入院后第5天CCR-入院当天CCR)、CCR10(入院后第10天CCR)、ΔCCR10(入院后第10天CCR-入院后第5天CCR)、CCR15(入院后第15天CCR)、ΔCCR15(入院后第15天CCR-入院后第10天CCR),比较生存组和死亡组、感染组与非感染组上述指标的差异。计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析探讨影响疾病预后的因素;受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评估CCR对HBV-ACLF死亡事件的预测价值,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)比较采用DeLong检验。 结果 治疗组基线CCR、NLR、PNI、PT和Alb与健康对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。生存组与死亡组患者入院当天CCR、NLR、PT比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。在130例HBV-ACLF患者中,有25例处于前期,48例处于早期,32例处于中期,25例处于晚期。各分期HBV-ACLF患者基线CCR、PLR及PT比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。感染组与非感染组患者基线ΔCCR5、NLR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。患者入院第5天、第10天、第15天生存组与死亡组ΔCCR5、CCR10、CCR15比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现ΔCCR5(OR=1.175,95%CI:1.098~1.256,P<0.001)、NLR(OR=0.921,95%CI:0.880~0.964,P<0.001)和PT(OR=0.921,95%CI:0.873~0.973,P=0.003)是HBV-ACLF患者预后的独立影响因素。ΔCCR5的AUC为0.774,敏感度为0.687,特异度为0.757;ΔCCR5+PT+NLR联合的AUC为0.824,高于ΔCCR5、NLR、PT单独预测时的AUC(P值均<0.05)。 结论 ΔCCR5、NLR、PT可反映HBV-ACLF患者的病情及预后,是HBV-ACLF患者死亡事件的独立预测指标,ΔCCR5+PT+NLR联合时预测效能最佳。 -
关键词:
- 乙型肝炎病毒 /
- 慢加急性肝功能衰竭 /
- 肌酸酐 /
- 半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制物C /
- 预后
Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio (CCR) in evaluating the prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 130 patients with HBV-ACLF (treatment group) who were hospitalized in Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, from January 2021 to November 2022. According to the treatment outcome, they were divided into survival group with 87 patients and death group with 43 patients; according to the presence or absence of infection, they were divided into infection group with 37 patients and non-infection group with 93 patients. A total of 30 individuals who underwent physical examination during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. Routine blood test results were collected on the day of admission, including white blood cell count, platelet count, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count; serum creatinine, cystatin C, serum albumin (Alb), and prothrombin time (PT) were observed on the day of admission and on days 5, 10, and 15 of hospitalization, and related indicators were calculated, including CCR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), CCR5 (CCR on day 5 after admission), ΔCCR5 (CCR on day 5 after admission minus CCR on the day of admission), CCR10 (CCR on day 10 after admission), ΔCCR10 (CCR on day 10 after admission minus CCR on day 5 after admission), CCR15 (CCR on day 15 after admission), and ΔCCR15 (CCR on day 15 after admission minus CCR on day 10 after admission). The above indicators were compared between the survival group and the death group and between the infection group and the non-infection group. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors for disease prognosis; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the value of CCR in predicting HBV-ACLF death events, and the DeLong test was used for comparison of the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results There were significant differences in CCR, NLR, PNI, PT, and Alb at baseline between the treatment group and the healthy control group (all P<0.001), and there were significant differences in CCR, NLR, and PT between the survival group and the death group on the day of admission (all P<0.05). Among the 130 patients with HBV-ACLF, there were 25 in the precancerous stage, 48 in the early stage, 32 in the intermediate stage, and 25 in the advanced stage, and there were significant differences in baseline CCR, PLR, and PT between the patients in different stages of HBV-ACLF (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in ΔCCR5 and NLR between the infection group and the non-infection group (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in ΔCCR5, CCR10, and CCR15 between the survival group and the death group (all P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ΔCCR5 (odds ratio [OR]=1.175, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.098 — 1.256, P<0.001), NLR (OR=0.921, 95%CI: 0.880 — 0.964, P<0.001), and PT (OR=0.921, 95%CI: 0.873 — 0.973, P=0.003) were independent influencing factors for the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients. ΔCCR5 had an AUC of 0.774, a sensitivity of 0.687, and a specificity of 0.757, and the AUC of ΔCCR5+PT+NLR was 0.824, which was significantly higher than the AUC of ΔCCR5, NLR, or PT alone (all P<0.05). Conclusion ΔCCR5, NLR, and PT can reflect the condition and prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF and are independent predictive indicators for death events in patients with HBV-ACLF. The combination ofΔCCR5, PT, and NLR has the best predictive efficiency. -
Key words:
- Hepatitis B Virus /
- Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure /
- Creatinine /
- Cystatin C /
- Prognosis
-
肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的有效疗法,免疫排斥是限制肝移植发展的重要因素[1-2]。肝移植术后常用的免疫抑制剂(immunosuppressive,IS)包括:钙调磷酸酶抑制剂、霉酚酸酯、雷帕霉素、糖皮质激素等,长期使用这些药物存在较多不良反应[3-5]。因此,肝移植术后免疫抑制治疗的研究方向是寻找新型药物,在抑制免疫排斥和降低IS毒副作用之间取得平衡。
间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)是一种具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的多能干细胞,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡、调节免疫等作用,被认为是肝病治疗的理想药物[6-9]。本研究建立原位肝移植大鼠模型,探讨单用MSC、单用IS、MSC联合IS抑制大鼠肝移植免疫排斥反应的效果,为进一步研究MSC在大鼠肝移植中的应用奠定基础。
1. 材料与方法
1.1 实验动物
3周龄清洁级雄性F344大鼠,体质量50~70 g,用来提取MSC;8周龄清洁级雄性F344大鼠,体质量260~270 g,为肝移植供体;8周龄清洁级雄性Lewis大鼠,体质量275~285 g,为肝移植受体。以上实验动物均购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,实验动物生产许可证编号:SCXK(京)2019-0008,实验动物使用许可证编号:SYXK(闽)2022-0003。
1.2 实验试剂
α-MEM培养基(美国Hyclone公司);胎牛血清(美国Gibco公司);双抗(美国Gibco公司);0.25%胰酶(美国Gibco公司);苏木素伊红(HE)染色试剂盒(北京索莱宝公司);Masson三色染色试剂盒(北京索莱宝公司);CD3抗体(武汉赛维尔公司);CD56抗体(武汉赛维尔公司)。
1.3 实验方法
1.3.1 MSC的体外分离、培养和鉴定
将3周龄F344大鼠处死,无菌分离双下肢骨,用α-MEM培养基反复冲洗骨髓腔,移入培养瓶中,置于37 ℃、5% CO2恒温培养箱培养。2 h后吸取上清,继续培养,去除快速贴壁细胞。24 h后更换培养基,去除不贴壁细胞。以后每隔2 d更换培养基,直至细胞融合度达到90%,用0.25%胰酶消化,传代培养。后续实验均使用P3代细胞。
将P3代细胞消化、重悬,PBS清洗2次,使用5%BSA孵育20 min,PBS清洗2次,分别加入含CD44、CD105、CD34、CD31的0.5% BSA,室温避光孵育30 min,PBS清洗2次,上机检测。
1.3.2 大鼠肝移植模型建立与分组
采用Kamada双袖套法,不重建肝动脉[10]。F344大鼠为供体,Lewis大鼠为受体,其中供体体质量略小于受体。各组手术无肝期为13~15 min,总时间为100~120 min,差异无统计学意义。术后大鼠单笼喂养,自由饮水、进食。
实验分为5组,每组8只大鼠。Normal组:正常大鼠,即不进行任何干预的正常大鼠;其余组均进行大鼠原位肝移植,PS组注射生理盐水;MSC组注射MSC(分别在术前7 d、手术当天、术后7 d、术后15 d注射,每次每只大鼠注射3×106 MSC);IS组注射IS(氢化可的松0.75 mg·kg-1·d-1、环孢霉素1 mg·kg-1·d-1),MSC+IS组注射MSC和IS。
1.3.3 病理切片染色
取肝移植术后15 d肝组织,用4%多聚甲醛室温固定24 h,石蜡包埋,切片。分别使用苏木素伊红(HE)染色试剂盒和Masson染色试剂盒染色,封片镜检。Masson染色结果使用Image J软件量化。
1.3.4 免疫组化
取肝移植术后15 d肝组织,用4%多聚甲醛室温固定24 h,石蜡包埋,切片。切片常规脱蜡至水,EDTA抗原修复,3%的双氧水处理,血清封闭,一抗4 ℃过夜孵育,二抗室温孵育30 min,DAB显色,苏木素染核,封片镜检,阳性细胞数使用Image J软件量化。
1.3.5 免疫荧光
取肝移植术后15 d肝组织,用4%多聚甲醛室温固定24 h,石蜡包埋,切片。切片常规脱蜡至水,EDTA抗原修复,血清封闭,一抗4 ℃过夜孵育,二抗室温孵育2 h,DAPI染核,封片镜检,共定位细胞占比使用Image J软件量化。
1.4 统计学方法
采用GraphPad Prism 9.5进行数据分析。计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,生存分析采用Log-rank检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2. 结果
2.1 MSC的鉴定
原代培养2 d时细胞呈梭形,细胞轮廓清晰(图1)。原代培养10 d左右细胞融合度达到90%,传代后生长良好,杂细胞减少。利用流式细胞仪检测MSC的表面标志物,结果显示P3代细胞的纯度高,细胞表面抗原CD44、CD105、CD34、CD31的阳性率分别为97.7%、94.3%、2.02%、1.55%(图2)。
2.2 生存分析
每组各留5只大鼠观察生存期,共观察60 d。其中Normal组无死亡,PS组在术后20 d之内全部死亡,MSC组和IS组在观察结束时均存活2只,MSC+IS组在观察结束时仅1只死亡(图3)。与Normal组相比,PS组大鼠生存期显著缩短(P<0.001)。与PS组相比,MSC+IS组大鼠生存期显著延长(P<0.05)。其余组别之间均无统计学差异(P值均>0.05)。
2.3 各组大鼠肝组织病理学检查结果的比较
肝移植术后第15天,各组大鼠均发生不同程度的排斥反应。HE染色结果(图4)显示:PS组汇管区大量炎症细胞浸润,肝窦结构紊乱,静脉内皮炎症明显,大部分胆管结构不完整,炎症累及周围肝实质;MSC组和IS组部分汇管区可见炎症细胞浸润;MSC+IS组几乎没有汇管区存在炎症细胞浸润,其肝组织结构接近于Noraml组。4组相比较,PS组排斥反应程度最高,MSC组和IS组程度相似,MSC+IS组排斥程度最低。根据Masson染色结果(图4、5)可知:PS组纤维化程度最高(15.46±0.79)%,MSC+IS组程度最低(3.60±0.54)%。与Normal组相比,PS组纤维化程度显著升高(P<0.000 1)。与PS组相比,MSC组、IS组和MSC+IS组纤维化程度均显著降低(P值均<0.000 1)。MSC+IS组纤维化程度显著低于MSC组和IS组(P值均<0.000 1)。
2.4 各组大鼠肝组织T淋巴细胞和NK细胞浸润情况
选择CD56和CD3两个指标进行免疫组化染色,观察大鼠肝组织T淋巴细胞和NK细胞的浸润情况。T淋巴细胞和NK细胞都主要分布在汇管区,个别T淋巴细胞浸润到肝实质(图6a)。统计结果如图所示(图6b、c),PS组中T淋巴细胞和NK细胞浸润最严重,MSC+IS组浸润程度最低。与Normal组相比,PS组T淋巴细胞和NK细胞浸润程度显著升高(P<0.000 1)。与PS组相比,MSC组、IS组和MSC+IS组T淋巴细胞与NK细胞浸润程度显著降低(P值均<0.000 1)。
2.5 各组大鼠肝组织巨噬细胞M2极化情况
CD68(巨噬细胞标志物)和CD163(巨噬细胞M2极化相关标志物)双重免疫荧光染色结果显示,与Normal组相比,PS组中CD68和CD163共定位细胞数占比显著降低(P<0.05);与PS组相比,MSC组、IS组和MSC+IS组中共定位占比显著增加(P值均<0.000 1),且MSC+IS组与MSC组及IS组相比差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.000 1)(图7、8)。
3. 讨论
MSC是一类多能干细胞,具有多向分化潜能和免疫调节作用。其表面低表达组织相容性复合物,具有低免疫原性,不刺激体内免疫反应[8]。多项体内、体外实验[11-13]均表明,MSC可向肝细胞分化,修复受损肝组织,降低炎症反应。本研究同样证实了MSC具有免疫调节作用,其抑制大鼠肝移植免疫排斥反应能力与IS相当,但不论是MSC还是IS均未达到最理想疗效。
免疫排斥反应是肝移植术后常见的病理生理过程,是导致肝移植失败的重要原因[14]。目前,尚无统一的肝移植术后IS治疗标准,多采用以钙调磷酸酶抑制剂为基础,联合其他药物的免疫抑制方案。常用的三联免疫抑制方案为钙调磷酸酶抑制剂+霉酚酸酯+糖皮质激素,常用的二联免疫抑制方案为钙调磷酸酶抑制剂+霉酚酸酯/糖皮质激素[3]。由于IS的毒副作用,针对特殊肝移植受者,如:肾功能损伤、糖尿病、高血压等,常规二联和三联免疫抑制方案的使用受限,现有IS方案已不能满足临床需求[15-16]。
本研究通过构建原位肝移植大鼠模型,注射MSC和IS,观察MSC联合IS抑制免疫排斥的能力。结果显示:与MSC组和IS组相比,MSC+IS组术后15 d肝组织炎症细胞浸润明显少于MSC组和IS组,肝小叶结构完整,基本接近于Normal组。且MSC+IS组降低大鼠肝移植引起的纤维化程度的能力也比MSC组和IS组强。免疫组化进一步分析肝组织炎症细胞浸润情况,结果发现:PS组可见大量T淋巴细胞和NK细胞浸润,MSC组和IS组的浸润明显减少,MSC+IS组仅见少量T淋巴细胞和NK细胞浸润。巨噬细胞M2极化可抑制免疫反应,因此,在肝移植术后增加巨噬细胞M2极化有助于抑制免疫反应,本研究免疫荧光实验也表明,MSC+IS组可以显著增加巨噬细胞M2极化,抑制免疫反应。
综上所述,MSC联合IS可以抑制大鼠原位肝移植免疫排斥反应。
-
表 1 治疗组与健康对照组基线指标比较
Table 1. Comparison of baseline indexes between the treatment group and the healthy control group
指标 健康对照组(n=30) 治疗组(n=130) Z值 P值 男/女(例) 15/15 78/52 χ2=-1.233 0.190 年龄(岁) 52(47~76) 53(42~66) Z=-0.638 0.524 CCR(μmol/mg) 74.67(64.54~83.18) 51.22(43.35~62.33) Z=-6.378 <0.001 NLR 1.88(1.35~2.24) 5.81(2.89~11.11) Z=-6.745 <0.001 PLR 109.00(88.54~123.89) 96.77(57.38~146.99) Z=-1.437 0.151 PNI 51.80(49.34~54.80) 34.50(30.70~38.10) Z=-8.418 <0.001 PT(s) 10.90(10.38~11.75) 19.70(17.60~25.80) Z=-8.881 <0.001 Alb(g/L) 42.90(41.08~44.30) 29.10(26.53~32.60) Z=-8.746 <0.001 表 2 HBV-ACLF患者不同分期基线指标比较
Table 2. Baseline markers of HBV-ACLF at different stages were compared
指标 前期(n=25) 早期(n=48) 中期(n=32) 晚期(n=25) H值 P值 CCR(μmol/mg) 43.85(38.01~53.55) 53.01(43.18~64) 51.69(44.95~60.57) 56.84(46.43~80.44) 19.816 <0.001 NLR 5.70(2.38~10.69) 6.58(3.43~12.38) 5.55(2.80~10.45) 7.64(2.77~11.25) 2.070 0.558 PLR 77.38(52.27~140.63) 106.96(65.79~188.73) 69.44(50.18~143.86) 78.21(54.02~120.69) 13.698 0.003 PNI 32.65(30.60~37.25) 34.55(30.50~38.85) 33.90(29.35~37.65) 36.25(32.35~39.55) 5.949 0.114 PT(s) 17.60(16.25~19.05) 18.20(16.20~19.50) 24.00(22.50~26.05) 33.10(30.30~41.00) 187.731 <0.001 Alb(g/L) 28.70(26.20~30.50) 28.80(26.40~32.70) 29.10(26.10~32.90) 29.80(28.00~33.20) 3.285 0.350 表 3 非感染组与感染组基线指标比较
Table 3. Comparison of baseline indexes between infected group and non-infected group
指标 感染组(n=37) 非感染组(n=93) Z值 P值 CCR(μmol/mg) 54.17(40.49~66.08) 50.74(43.78~62.33) -1.098 0.272 NLR 12.38(7.64~16.29) 4.65(2.70~7.98) -6.363 <0.001 PLR 107.53(57.86~168.42) 93.18(60.34~145.16) -0.414 0.679 PNI 35.65(31.20~38.65) 34.20(30.50~37.80) -0.630 0.529 PT(s) 18.60(16.60~24.75) 20.30(17.50~25.10) -0.623 0.533 Alb(g/L) 28.70(25.25~32.40) 29.10(26.70~32.30) -0.416 0.678 ΔCCR5(μmol/mg) -13.94(-22.19~-5.48) -9.41(-13.40~-5.04) -2.675 0.007 表 4 死亡组与生存组患者入院第5天、第10天、第15天CCR动态比较
Table 4. Dynamic comparison of CCR in death group and survival group at 5、10 and 15 days after admission
指标 死亡组(n=43) 生存组(n=87) Z值 P值 CCR5(μmol/mg) 39.70(32.32~46.86) 40.80(37.00~49.37) -0.360 0.719 ΔCCR5(μmol/mg) -18.43(-70.19~-13.40) -9.41(-11.25~-3.49) -5.380 <0.001 CCR10(μmol/mg) 40.00(1.82~44.62) 39.32(33.65~49.04) -2.410 0.016 ΔCCR10(μmol/mg) -4.89(-32.44~-0.69) -3.44(-5.56~1.47) -1.674 0.094 CCR15(μmol/mg) 27.84(24.69~34.43) 37.60(31.64~46.86) -3.480 <0.001 ΔCCR15(μmol/mg) -7.55(-12.16~22.87) -2.64(-7.49~2.09) -1.323 0.186 表 5 基线指标单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析
Table 5. The baseline indexes were analyzed by binary single factor and multivariate Logistic regression
指标 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR(95%CI) P值 OR(95%CI) P值 ΔCCR5(μmol/mg) 1.163(1.101~1.228) <0.001 1.175(1.098~1.256) <0.001 PT(s) 0.912(0.876~0.950) <0.001 0.921(0.873~0.973) 0.003 NLR 0.948(0.917~0.980) 0.001 0.921(0.880~0.964) <0.001 CCR(μmol/mg) 0.959(0.943~0.976) <0.001 1.006(0.976~1.036) 0.713 PLR 1.003(0.999~1.007) 0.191 PNI 0.997(0.976~1.018) 0.780 Alb(g/L) 0.993(0.937~1.051) 0.798 表 6 ΔCCR5、PT、NLR、ΔCCR5+PT+NLR预测HBV-ACLF患者死亡事件效能分析
Table 6. Efficacy analysis of ΔCCR5, PT, NLR, ΔCCR5+PT+NLR in predicting death events in patients with HBV-ACLF
变量 AUC 95%CI P值 最佳临界值 敏感度 特异度 约登指数 PT(s) 0.704 0.643~0.761 <0.001 21.500 0.710 0.650 0.360 NLR 0.645 0.581~0.705 <0.001 4.610 0.481 0.762 0.244 ∆CCR5(μmol/mg) 0.774 0.712~0.828 <0.001 -10.150 0.687 0.757 0.444 ∆CCR5+PT+NLR 0.824 0.767~0.873 <0.001 0.700 0.680 0.833 0.513 -
[1] Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Chinese Medical Association. Clinical guidelines on nutrition in end-stage liver disease[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2019, 35( 6): 1222- 1230. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.06.010.中华医学会肝病学分会, 中华医学会消化病学分会. 终末期肝病临床营养指南[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35( 6): 1222- 1230. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.06.010. [2] MANGANA DEL RIO T, SACLEUX SC, VIONNET J, et al. Body composition and short-term mortality in patients critically ill with acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. JHEP Rep, 2023, 5( 8): 100758. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100758. [3] NISHIKAWA H, SHIRAKI M, HIRAMATSU A, et al. Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines for sarcopenia in liver disease(1st edition): Recommendation from the working group for creation of sarcopenia assessment criteria[J]. Hepatol Res, 2016, 46( 10): 951- 963. DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12774. [4] PENG H, ZHANG Q, LUO L, et al. A prognostic model of acute-on-chronic liver failure based on sarcopenia[J]. Hepatol Int, 2022, 16( 4): 964- 972. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10363-2. [5] SANCHEZ-RODRIGUEZ D, MARCO E, CRUZ-JENTOFT AJ. Defining sarcopenia: Some caveats and challenges[J]. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2020, 23( 2): 127- 132. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000621. [6] SAYER AA, CRUZ-JENTOFT A. Sarcopenia definition, diagnosis and treatment: Consensus is growing[J]. Age Ageing, 2022, 51( 10): afac220. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac220. [7] KASHANI KB, FRAZEE EN, KUKRÁLOVÁ L, et al. Evaluating muscle mass by using markers of kidney function: Development of the sarcopenia index[J]. Crit Care Med, 2017, 45( 1): e23- e29. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002013. [8] WANG S, XIE L, XU J, et al. Predictive value of serum creatinine/cystatin C in neurocritically ill patients[J]. Brain Behav, 2019, 9( 12): e01462. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1462. [9] JUNG CY, KIM HW, HAN SH, et al. Creatinine-cystatin C ratio and mortality in cancer patients: A retrospective cohort study[J]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2022, 13( 4): 2064- 2072. DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13006. [10] Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of liver failure(2018)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2019, 35( 1): 38- 44. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.01.007.中华医学会感染病学分会肝衰竭与人工肝学组, 中华医学会肝病学分会重型肝病与人工肝学组. 肝衰竭诊治指南(2018年版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35( 1): 38- 44. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.01.007. [11] LI JQ, LIANG X, YOU SL, et al. Development and validation of a new prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Hepatol, 2021, 75( 5): 1104- 1115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.05.026. [12] GAO FY, ZHANG QQ, LIU Y, et al. Nomogram prediction of individual prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2019, 51( 3): 425- 433. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.08.023. [13] SUN ZY, LIU XL, WU DX, et al. Circulating proteomic panels for diagnosis and risk stratification of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with viral hepatitis B[J]. Theranostics, 2019, 9( 4): 1200- 1214. DOI: 10.7150/thno.31991. [14] BEER L, BASTATI N, BA-SSALAMAH A, et al. MRI-defined sarcopenia predicts mortality in patients with chronic liver disease[J]. Liver Int, 2020, 40( 11): 2797- 2807. DOI: 10.1111/liv.14648. [15] JIN L, LI X. MRI-defined sarcopenia predicts mortality in patients with chronic liver disease[J]. Liver Int, 2021, 41( 1): 223. DOI: 10.1111/liv.14691. [16] WANG T, ZHANG YG, LI QQ, et al. Evaluation value of area index of the third lumbar psoas major muscle in nutritional status and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis[J]. Clin J Med Offic, 2022, 50( 7): 729- 732. DOI: 10.16680/j.1671-3826.2022.07.18.王然, 张永国, 李谦谦, 等. 第三腰椎腰大肌面积指数对肝硬化患者营养状态及预后评估价值[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2022, 50( 7): 729- 732. DOI: 10.16680/j.1671-3826.2022.07.18. [17] Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of end-stage liver disease complicated with infections(2021 version)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2022, 38( 2): 304- 310. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.02.010.中华医学会感染病学分会. 终末期肝病合并感染诊治专家共识(2021年版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2022, 38( 2): 304- 310. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.02.010. [18] WANG XB, ZHANG Q, GAO FY. Prediction of acute-on-chronic liver failure and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2020, 36( 1): 19- 25. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.01.003.王宪波, 张群, 高方媛. 慢加急性肝衰竭的预后评估及中西医结合治疗[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2020, 36( 1): 19- 25. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.01.003. [19] HAINES RW, ZOLFAGHARI P, WAN Y, et al. Elevated urea-to-creatinine ratio provides a biochemical signature of muscle catabolism and persistent critical illness after major trauma[J]. Intensive care medicine, 2019, 45( 12): 1718- 1731. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05760-5. [20] PAGE A, FLOWER L, PROWLE J, et al. Novel methods to identify and measure catabolism[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care, 2021, 27( 4): 361- 366. DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000842. [21] VERHAMME FM, FREEMAN CM, BRUSSELLE GG, et al. GDF-15 in pulmonary and critical care medicine[J]. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2019, 60( 6): 621- 628. DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0379TR. [22] LEE ES, KIM SH, KIM HJ, et al. Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts chronic liver disease severity[J]. Gut Liver, 2017, 11( 2): 276- 282. DOI: 10.5009/gnl16049. [23] ZHANG IW, CURTO A, LÓPEZ-VICARIO C, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction governs immunometabolism in leukocytes of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Hepatol, 2022, 76( 1): 93- 106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.08.009. [24] WEINERT LS, CAMARGO EG, SOARES AA, et al. Glomerular filtration rate estimation: Performance of serum cystatin C-based prediction equations[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2011, 49( 11): 1761- 1771. DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.670. [25] EINHORN D, MENDE CW. Combining creatinine-based EGFR with cystatin C-based EGFR to better assess renal function in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 3a: Implications for drug selection and dosage in type 2 diabetes[J]. Endocr Pract, 2015, 21( 11): 1301- 1302. DOI: 10.4158/EP15821.ED. [26] CHEN XY, SHEN YJ, HOU LS, et al. Sarcopenia index based on serum creatinine and cystatin C predicts the risk of postoperative complications following hip fracture surgery in older adults[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2021, 21( 1): 541. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02522-1. [27] ULMANN G, KAÏ J, DURAND JP, et al. Creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio and bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessement of low lean body mass in cancer patients: Comparison to L3-computed tomography scan[J]. Nutrition, 2021, 81: 110895. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110895. [28] ZHENG C, WANG E, LI JS, et al. Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a screening tool for sarcopenia and prognostic indicator for patients with esophageal cancer[J]. BMC Geriatr, 2022, 22( 1): 207. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02925-8. [29] SUN J, YANG H, CAI WT, et al. Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia in patients with gastric cancer[J]. BMC Gastroenterol, 2022, 22( 1): 26. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02093-4. 期刊类型引用(1)
1. 张薇,张庆容,马茂林,冷强华,韩飞. 小鼠心脏移植慢性排斥反应模型的建立和分析. 器官移植. 2025(01): 99-105 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(0)
-