消除乙型肝炎进展

庄辉

doi:10.12449/JCH240501

消除乙型肝炎进展

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240501

庄辉^, ,

北京大学医学部基础医学院病原生物学系暨感染病中心，北京 100191

利益冲突声明：本文不存在任何利益冲突。

详细信息

通信作者:
庄辉， zhuangbmu@126.com （ORCID： 0000-0001-9119-6325）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-06
- 录用日期: 2024-04-09
- 出版日期: 2024-05-25

Progress towards elimination of hepatitis B

Hui ZHUANG^{,
,}

Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center，School of Basic Medical Sciences，Peking University Health Science Center，Beijing 100191，China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHUANG Hui， zhuangbmu@126.com （ORCID： 0000-0001-9119-6325）

摘要

摘要: 本文综述了全球和中国消除乙型肝炎的新进展。虽然全球乙型肝炎疾病负担正在下降，但各国消除乙型肝炎的进展差异较大，在疾病负担最严重的20个国家中，孟加拉国、印度、印度尼西亚、日本和俄罗斯取得显著进展。中国继续保持新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗高覆盖率，首剂及时接种率为95.6%，3剂接种率为99.6%。从2016年到2022年，中国慢性乙型肝炎患者的诊断率由19%升至24%，治疗率由11%升至15%，但与世界卫生组织提出的2023年目标仍有较大距离。全球和中国仍需继续努力，砥砺奋进，加速实现2030年消除病毒性肝炎的宏伟目标。
- 乙型肝炎，慢性 /
- 诊断 /
- 治疗学 /
- 公共卫生
Abstract: This paper summarizes the latest progress in the elimination of hepatitis B worldwide and in China. Although the global burden of hepatitis B is decreasing， there is a large difference in the progress towards elimination across different countries， and among the 20 countries with the heaviest disease burden， Bangladesh， India， Indonesia， Japan， and Russia have achieved substantial progress. China continues to maintain a high HBV vaccination coverage for neonates， with an inoculation rate of 95.6% for timely birth dose and 99.6% for 3 doses. From 2016 to 2022， the diagnosis rate of patients with chronic hepatitis B in China have increased from 19% to 24%， and treatment rate have increased from 11% to 15%； however， there is still a big gap compared with the WHO targets by 2030. Further efforts are needed to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030 globally and in China.
- Hepatitis B， Chronic /
- Diagnosis /
- Therapeutics /
- Public Health

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图 1 2022年全球不同地区慢性乙型肝炎诊断率和治疗率Figure 1　Diagnosis and treatment rates of chronic hepatitis B in different regions of the world， 2022

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图 2 The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology委员会对全球病毒性肝炎疾病负担最严重的20个国家2018—2023年消除病毒性肝炎相关政策的评分

Figure 2. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission’s scores on policies related to the elimination of viral hepatitis from 2018 to 2023 for the 20 countries with the highest disease burden of viral hepatitis worldwide

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图 3 中国一般人群和<5岁儿童HBsAg流行率

注： a，一般人群；b，<5岁儿童。

Figure 3. Prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and children aged <5 years in China

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图 4 我国乙型肝炎相关HCC年龄标化发病率变

Figure 4. Age-standardized incidence rates of hepatitis B-related HCC in China

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图 5 成人HBV筛查和筛查后评价、诊断、治疗和管理

Figure 5. HBV screening and post-screening evaluation， diagnosis， treatment， and management in adults

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表 1 全球消除乙型肝炎进展

Table 1. Worldwide progress in elimination of hepatitis B

项目	2019年	2022年
HBsAg阳性人数（例）	2.96亿	2.57亿
一般人群HBsAg流行率	3.8%	3.2%
<5岁HBsAg流行率	0.9%	0.7%（560万）
死亡人数（例）	82万	无资料
诊断人数（例）	3 040万	3 600万（14%）
治疗人数（例）	660万	680万（8%）
3针乙型肝炎疫苗覆盖率	86%	85%
首针及时接种率	43%	46%
HBIG接种率	13%	14%
孕妇抗病毒预防率	<1%	3%
注：HBIG，乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白。

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表 2 2017—2023年美国消除乙型肝炎进展

Table 2. Progress in elimination of hepatitis B in the United States， 2017—2023

表 3 2022年全球与中国消除乙型肝炎进展比较

Table 3. Comparison of progress in elimination of hepatitis B worldwide and in China， 2022

项目	全球	中国
HBsAg阳性人数（例）	2.57亿	7 975万
一般人群HBsAg流行率	3.2%	5.6%
<5岁HBsAg流行率	0.7%（560万）	<0.1%（8万）
死亡人数（例）	无资料	无资料
诊断人数（例）	3 600万（14%）	1 913万（24%）
治疗人数（例）	680万（8%）	508万（15%）
3针乙型肝炎疫苗覆盖率	85%	99%
首针及时接种率	46%	95%
HBIG接种率	14%	100%
孕妇抗病毒预防率	3%	26%

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