慢加急性肝衰竭患者发生肺部感染的危险因素及预测模型的构建
DOI: 10.12449/JCH240620
Risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and establishment of a predictive model
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摘要:
目的 分析慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者发生肺部感染的危险因素,并构建预测模型。 方法 回顾性选取2009年1月—2022年9月空军军医大学第二附属医院传染科收治的585例ACLF患者为研究对象。根据患者入院后肺部感染情况,分为感染组(213例)和未感染组(372例),回顾性收集患者临床资料。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选ACLF患者发生肺部感染危险因素并建立预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析模型的预测价值。采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型拟合度,采用ROC曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)评估模型的预测效能。 结果 585例ACLF患者发生肺部感染213例,感染率为36.41%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并上消化道出血(OR=2.463,P=0.047)、合并其他部位感染(OR=2.218,P=0.004)、股静脉置管(OR=2.520,P<0.001)及联合使用≥2种抗生素(OR=2.969,P<0.001)为ACLF患者发生肺部感染的危险因素;将上述因素纳入建立危险因素预测模型:Logit(P)=-1.869+0.901×合并上消化道出血+0.755×合并其他部位感染+0.924×股静脉置管+1.088×联合使用≥2种抗生素,ROC曲线提示预测较好,AUC为0.753,95%CI为0.700~0.772。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果为χ2=3.839,P=0.698。 结论 ACLF患者肺部感染发生率较高,合并上消化道出血、合并其他部位感染、股静脉置管及联合使用≥2种抗生素是其危险因素,构建的危险因素模型可较好的预测ACLF患者肺部感染的发生。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and to establish a predictive model. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 585 ACLF patients who were admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, from January 2009 to September 2022, and according to the condition of pulmonary infection after admission, they were divided into infection group with 213 patients and non-infection group with 372 patients. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The clinical data of these patients were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for pulmonary infection in ACLF patients and establish a predictive model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the predictive value of the model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the degree of fitting of the model, and the ROC curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to assess the predictive performance of the model. Results Among the 585 patients with ACLF, 213 experienced pulmonary infection, with an infection rate of 36.41%. The multivariate logistic analysis showed that upper gastrointestinal bleeding (odds ratio [OR]=2.463, P=0.047), infection at other sites (OR=2.218, P=0.004), femoral vein catheterization (OR=2.520, P<0.001), and combined use of two or more antibiotics (OR=2.969, P<0.001) were risk factors for pulmonary infection in ACLF patients. These factors were included in the risk factor predictive model of Logit (P)=-1.869+0.901×upper gastrointestinal bleeding+0.755×infection at other sites+0.924×femoral vein catheterization+1.088×combined use of two or more antibiotics. The ROC curve analysis showed that the model had a good predictive value (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=3.839, P=0.698), with an AUC of 0.753 (95% confidence interval: 0.700 — 0.772). Conclusion There is a relatively high incidence rate of pulmonary infection in patients with ACLF, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, spontaneous peritonitis, femoral vein catheterization, and combined use of two or more antibiotics are related risk factors. The model established based on these factors can effectively predict the onset of pulmonary infection in ACLF patients. -
Key words:
- Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure /
- Infections /
- Lung /
- Risk Factors
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表 1 两组ACLF患者基线特征及单因素分析结果
Table 1. Baseline characteristics and univariate analysis results of two groups of ACLF patients
因素 感染组(n=213) 非感染组(n=372) 统计值 P值 男/女(例) 134/79 259/113 χ2=2.768 0.096 年龄(岁) 47.95±13.76 47.53±13.72 t=-0.354 0.723 BMI(kg/m2) 23.47±3.73 23.58±3.57 t=-0.365 0.715 吸烟史[例(%)] 66(30.99) 85(22.85) χ2=4.683 0.030 饮酒史[例(%)] 70(32.86) 90(24.19) χ2=5.124 0.024 意识清醒[例(%)] 184(86.38) 331(88.98) χ2=0.865 0.352 有自理能力[例(%)] 112(52.58) 211(56.72) χ2=0.938 0.333 自主体位[例(%)] 193(90.61) 336(90.32) χ2=0.013 0.909 合并基础疾病[例(%)] 高血压 14(6.57) 28(7.53) χ2=0.185 0.667 糖尿病 34(15.96) 52(13.98) χ2=0.425 0.514 心血管疾病史 13(6.10) 31(8.33) χ2=0.968 0.325 胃部疾病史 27(12.68) 48(12.90) χ2=0.006 0.937 肝衰竭分期[例(%)] χ2=0.629 0.890 前期 28(13.15) 53(14.25) 早期 中期 晚期 69(32.39) 62(29.11) 54(25.35) 125(33.60) 110(29.57) 84(22.58) 肺部感染前其他诊断[例(%)] 上消化道出血 24(11.27) 21(5.65) χ2=6.030 0.014 肝性脑病 97(45.54) 110(29.57) χ2=15.109 <0.001 腹水 187(87.79) 269(72.31) χ2=18.887 <0.001 合并其他部位感染[例(%)] 138(64.79) 126(33.87) χ2=52.286 <0.001 真菌感染[例(%)] 16(7.51) 5(1.34) χ2=14.887 <0.001 肺部感染前侵入性操作[例(%)] 吸痰 25(11.74) 24(6.45) χ2=4.930 0.026 中心静脉置管 14(6.57) 15(4.03) χ2=1.855 0.173 股静脉置管 80(37.56) 65(17.47) χ2=29.311 <0.001 尿管 75(35.21) 78(20.97) χ2=14.228 <0.001 胃管 35(16.43) 29(7.80) χ2=10.368 <0.001 灌肠 130(61.03) 154(41.40) χ2=20.908 <0.001 肺部感染前治疗措施[例(%)] 人工肝 140(65.73) 157(42.20) χ2=29.987 <0.001 机械通气 29(13.62) 16(4.30) χ2=16.548 <0.001 使用激素 176(82.63) 238(63.98) χ2=22.776 <0.001 联合使用≥2种抗生素 148(69.48) 149(40.05) χ2=46.936 <0.001 入院首次实验室指标 Alb(g/L) 30.20(26.80~33.50) 31.10(27.30~34.70) Z=-1.415 0.157 ALT(U/L) 88.50(42.25~341.00) 158.00(49.50~463.75) Z=-2.174 0.030 AST(U/L) 114.00(54.50~351.00) 158.00(64.00~488.00) Z=-2.052 0.040 TBil(μmol/L) 336.38±164.97 297.53±166.89 t=-2.470 0.014 Scr(μmol/L) 59.00(48.78~74.25) 57.40(47.00~73.00) Z=-0.419 0.675 WBC(×109/L) 6.41(4.26~9.23) 5.81(4.22~7.75) Z=-1.639 0.101 ANC(×109/L) 4.49(2.78~7.24) 3.99(2.56~6.11) Z=-1.848 0.065 Hb(g/L) 113.00(87.00~135.00) 123.00(93.00~139.50) Z=-2.260 0.054 PLT(×109/L) 73.00(44.00~126.25) 81.00(38.00~136.00) Z=-0.928 0.354 PTA(%) 34.05(23.80~42.60) 37.40(26.45~49.30) Z=-2.638 0.008 INR 1.93(1.58~2.72) 1.84(1.52~2.50) Z=-1.906 0.057 PCT(ng/mL) 0.42(0.20~1.04) 0.45(0.22~0.87) Z=-0.444 0.657 注:ANC,中性粒细胞绝对值;PTA,凝血酶原活动度;PCT,降钙素原。 表 2 ACLF患者发生肺部感染的多因素分析
Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of pulmonary infection patients with ACLF
因素 B值 Sb Wald χ2 P值 OR 95%CI 上消化道出血 0.901 0.453 3.958 0.047 2.463 1.013~5.985 其他部位感染 0.755 0.260 8.416 0.004 2.128 1.278~3.545 股静脉置管 0.924 0.276 11.192 0.001 2.520 1.466~4.330 联合使用≥2种抗生素 1.088 0.268 16.537 0.001 2.969 1.757~5.018 常量 -1.869 0.237 62.017 0.154 -
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