熊去氧胆酸对原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者及家属新型冠状病毒感染症状的影响
DOI: 10.12449/JCH240714
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in patients with primary biliary cholangitis and their family members
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摘要:
目的 探究熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者及其家属严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染症状的影响。 方法 通过问卷收集2023年3月22日之前就诊于空军军医大学第一附属医院的PBC患者(n=171)及家属(n=128)的人口学信息、合并症、UDCA用药、SARS-CoV-2感染、疫苗接种、症状特征、治疗用药以及肝病相关症状变化等信息。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。 结果 PBC患者和家属两组人群的中位年龄为51岁和49岁,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PBC患者的BMI[(22.2±2.4)kg/m2 vs (23.3±2.9)kg/m2]和男性比例(10% vs 55%)明显低于家属组(P值均<0.001)。PBC患者均按照13~15 mg/kg服用UDCA,两组SARS-CoV-2感染率均为100%。患者家属的SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种率显著高于PBC患者(91% vs 57%,P<0.001)。PBC患者感染SARS-CoV-2后的喷嚏、鼻塞、胸痛以及味觉异常等症状显著轻于患者家属(P值均<0.05)。PBC患者复方感冒药(11% vs 20%)以及连花清瘟胶囊(12% vs 21%)的使用率显著低于患者家属(P值均<0.05)。PBC患者感染SARS-CoV-2后乏力、腹胀、口干眼干、皮肤瘙痒和皮肤黄染等肝病相关症状的加重率分别为37%、2%、27%、10%和3%。 结论 与未服用UDCA的PBC直系家属相比,服用UDCA的PBC患者其SARS-CoV-2感染率并未降低,但UDCA可能在减轻患者感染相关症状方面发挥一定的保护作用。PBC患者在感染SARS-CoV-2后仍会出现肝病相关症状的加重,需进一步重视PBC患者SARS-CoV-2感染后的远期影响。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and their family member. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect related information from 171 PBC patients who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University before March 22, 2023 and 128 family members, including demographic information, comorbidities, UDCA administration, SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, symptoms, therapeutic medication, and the changes in liver disease-related symptoms. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results The median age was 51 years in the PBC patients and 49 years in the family members, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the family member group, the PBC group had significantly lower body mass index (22.2±2.4 kg/m2 vs 23.3±2.9 kg/m2, P<0.001) and proportion of male individuals (10% vs 55%, P<0.001). All PBC patients received UDCA at a dose of 13 — 15 mg/kg, and SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was 100% in both groups. The family members had a significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rate than the PBC patients (91% vs 57%, P<0.001). Compared with the family members, the PBC patients had significantly milder symptoms of sneezing, nasal obstruction, chest pain, and abnormal taste (P<0.05). Compared with the family members, the PBC patients had significantly lower rates of use of compound cold medicine (11% vs 20%, P<0.05) and Lianhua Qingwen capsules (12% vs 21%, P<0.05). For the PBC patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, the liver disease-related symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal distension, dry mouth and dry eyes, pruritus, and yellow skin were aggravated by 37%, 2%, 27%, 10%, and 3%, respectively. Conclusion Compared with the immediate family members of PBC patients who do not take UDCA, the PBC patients receiving UDCA do not show a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, but UDCA may have a certain effect on alleviating infection-related symptoms in such patients. PBC patients may still experience the aggravation of liver disease-related symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the long-term effect on PBC patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection should be taken seriously in clinical practice. -
Key words:
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis /
- SARS-CoV-2 /
- COVID-19 /
- Tauroursodesoxycholic Acid
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表 1 纳入PBC患者及其家属的一般情况比较
Table 1. Basic characteristics of PBC patients and their family members
项目 患者家属(n=128) PBC患者(n=171) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 49(40~57) 51(46~54) Z=-1.344 0.179 男[例(%)] 70(55) 17(10) χ2=71.044 <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 23.3±2.9 22.2±2.4 t=-14.141 <0.001 UDCA用药[例(%)] 0(0) 171(100) χ2=361.846 <0.001 接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗[例(%)] 116(91) 97(57) χ2=41.058 <0.001 接种1针 3(2) 4(2) 接种2针 11(9) 17(10) 接种3针 99(77) 74(43) 接种4针 3(2) 1(1) 合并其他疾病[例(%)] 高血压 22(17) 24(14) χ2=0.559 0.455 糖尿病 9(7) 10(6) χ2=0.172 0.678 心脑血管病 15(12) 8(5) χ2=5.110 0.024 感染SARS-CoV-2[例(%)] 128(100) 171(100) >0.05 SARS-CoV-2检测方法[例(%)] χ2=0.704 0.703 核酸检测 38(30) 44(26) 抗原检测 49(38) 66(39) 未检测,有相关症状1) 41(32) 61(36) 发热[例(%)] 114(89) 150(88) χ2=0.128 0.433 低热(37.3~38.0 ℃) 38(33) 42(28) 中热(38.1~39.0 ℃) 57(50) 74(50) 高热(39.1~41.0 ℃) 19(17) 34(23) 超高热(>41.0 ℃) 0(0) 0(0) 发热持续时间[例(%)] χ2=2.652 0.266 1~2 d 82(72) 99(66) 3~5 d 30(26) 43(29) >5 d 2(2) 8(5) 注:1)在COVID-19疫情期间,家庭成员有COVID-19确诊患者且家庭成员集中出现发热、肌肉酸痛等症状。 表 2 PBC患者及其家属感染SARS-CoV-2症状学比较
Table 2. Statistical analysis of COVID-19 symptoms of PBC patients and their family members
项目 患者家属COVID-19症状分级(n=128) PBC患者COVID-19症状分级(n=171) χ2 值 P值 无症状 轻度 中度 重度 无症状 轻度 中度 重度 上呼吸道症状[例(%)] 流涕 40(31) 55(43) 27(21) 6(5) 62(36) 70(41) 27(16) 12(7) 2.422 0.492 喷嚏 41(32) 57(45) 28(22) 2(2) 74(43) 81(47) 10(6) 6(4) 18.366 <0.001 鼻塞 42(33) 41(32) 28(22) 17(13) 62(36) 69(40) 17(10) 23(14) 8.555 0.036 咽干 23(18) 41(32) 39(31) 25(19) 41(24) 62(36) 30(18) 38(22) 7.165 0.067 咽痒 35(27) 39(31) 34(26) 20(16) 47(28) 69(40) 33(19) 22(13) 4.100 0.251 咽痛 37(29) 33(26) 33(26) 25(19) 53(31) 56(33) 29(17) 33(19) 4.050 0.256 下呼吸道症状[例(%)] 胸闷 60(47) 44(34) 17(13) 7(6) 91(53) 55(32) 12(7) 13(8) 4.150 0.246 气短 53(41) 48(38) 18(14) 9(7) 84(49) 53(31) 18(11) 16(9) 3.102 0.376 胸痛 75(59) 38(30) 10(7) 5(4) 125(73) 36(21) 4(2) 6(4) 9.223 0.026 喘息 61(48) 40(31) 19(15) 8(6) 102(60) 46(27) 11(6) 12(7) 7.639 0.055 干咳 26(20) 40(31) 43(34) 19(15) 48(28) 59(35) 34(20) 30(17) 7.683 0.053 咳痰 14(11) 47(37) 37(29) 30(23) 20(12) 67(39) 49(29) 35(20) 0.452 0.929 全身症状[例(%)] 头痛 31(24) 37(29) 30(23) 30(23) 43(25) 60(35) 39(23) 29(17) 2.457 0.483 头晕 48(38) 37(29) 24(19) 19(15) 69(40) 57(33) 31(18) 14(8) 3.563 0.313 乏力 13(10) 36(28) 39(31) 40(31) 21(12) 50(29) 51(30) 49(29) 0.498 0.919 肌肉酸痛 22(17) 38(30) 29(23) 39(30) 45(26) 49(29) 33(19) 44(26) 3.739 0.291 味觉异常 46(36) 38(30) 33(26) 11(9) 63(37) 55(32) 24(14) 29(17) 9.288 0.026 嗅觉异常 53(41) 37(29) 24(19) 14(11) 77(45) 54(32) 17(10) 23(14) 4.908 0.179 腹痛 90(70) 30(23) 7(6) 1(1) 124(73) 36(21) 5(3) 6(4) 3.746 0.290 腹泻 84(66) 22(17) 16(13) 6(5) 106(62) 41(24) 15(9) 9(5) 2.783 0.426 恶心 77(60) 32(25) 11(9) 8(6) 94(55) 55(32) 15(9) 7(4) 2.317 0.509 呕吐 95(74) 23(18) 5(4) 5(4) 121(71) 40(23) 7(4) 3(2) 2.416 0.491 表 3 PBC患者及其家属SARS-CoV-2感染期间用药情况比较
Table 3. Drug use of PBC patients and their families during COVID-19 infection
药物 患者家属(n=128) PBC患者(n=171) χ2值 P值 布洛芬/对乙酰氨基酚[例(%)] 55(43) 76(44) 0.065 0.799 止咳化痰药[例(%)] 39(30) 46(27) 0.458 0.499 连花清瘟胶囊[例(%)] 27(21) 21(12) 4.219 0.004 复方感冒药[例(%)] 26(20) 20(11) 4.175 0.041 中药[例(%)] 14(11) 15(9) 0.392 0.513 抗病毒药[例(%)] 6(5) 11(6) 0.416 0.519 抗过敏药[例(%)] 1(1) 2(1) 0.111 >0.05 消化道症状用药[例(%)] 1(1) 2(1) 0.111 >0.05 未服用药物[例(%)] 15(12) 29(17) 1.602 0.206 -
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