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肝硬化自发性脾肾分流治疗后再出血及5年生存率的影响因素分析

翁成钊 蒋炜 陈世耀 郑琳琳

引用本文:
Citation:

肝硬化自发性脾肾分流治疗后再出血及5年生存率的影响因素分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240715
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 (82370622);

福建省自然科学基金重点项目 (2021D033);

福建省医学创新课题 (2022CXB020);

厦门市医疗卫生指导性项目 (3502Z20209046)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2019年12月31日经由复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院伦理委员会审批,批号:B2019-020,所纳入患者均签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:翁成钊和郑琳琳对研究的思路设计、数据收集和文章写作有关键贡献;蒋炜和陈世耀参与修改文章,给予经费支持。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    郑琳琳, azll159@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-1660-9163)

Influencing factors for rebleeding and 5-year survival rate after treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis and spontaneous splenorenal shunt

Research funding: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370622);

Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2021D033);

Medical Innovation Project of Fujian Province (2022CXB020);

Guiding Project of Medical and Health Care of Xiamen City (3502Z20209046)

More Information
    Corresponding author: ZHENG Linlin, azll159@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-1660-9163)
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨肝硬化自发性脾肾分流(SSRS)患者治疗后再出血及5年生存率的影响因素,以期为临床评估肝硬化患者预后提供依据。  方法  选取2014年6月—2018年6月复旦大学附属中山医院及厦门分院收治的肝硬化合并SSRS患者95例,所有患者均获得5年及以上随访结果。根据随访过程中是否再次发生消化道出血分为再出血组(n=27)和未再出血组(n=68)。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法。采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析筛选SSRS患者的预后影响因素,Kaplan-Meier法描述生存结局。相关性采用Pearson或Spearman相关性分析。  结果  再出血组脾肾分流直径[4.60(3.20~5.90)mm vs 3.45(2.10~5.45)mm,Z=1.973,P=0.048]和门静脉压力梯度[(18.57±6.60)mmHg vs (15.06±5.82)mmHg,t=2.280,P=0.026]均显著高于未再出血组,门静脉直径[(14.04±2.90)mm vs (15.45±2.90)mm,t=2.138,P=0.035]显著低于未再出血组。相关性分析结果显示,脾肾分流直径与门静脉直径呈负相关(rs =-0.211,P=0.040)。治疗后5年内的不良事件包括消化道再出血(27.4%)、门静脉血栓(11.6%)、感染(4.2%)、脑出血(1.1%)和脑梗死(1.1%)。脾肾分流直径(RR=1.173,95%CI:1.001~1.374,P=0.048)和肠系膜上静脉直径(RR=0.844,95%CI:0.746~0.956,P=0.007)是治疗后5年消化道再出血的独立影响因素。胆红素(RR=1.028,95%CI:1.010~1.046,P=0.002)和尿素氮(RR=1.347,95%CI:1.116~1.625,P=0.002)是治疗后5年生存率的独立危险因素。  结论  脾肾分流直径与肝硬化患者预后密切相关,对于肝硬化合并SSRS患者,应加强对脾肾分流直径的影像学随访。

     

  • 表  1  肝硬化合并SSRS患者未再出血组与再出血组基线资料比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of baseline data between the non-rebleeding group and the rebleeding group in patients with liver cirrhosis associated with spontaneous splenorenal shunts

    项目 未再出血组(n=68) 再出血组(n=27) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 52.70±12.08 56.59±12.39 t=1.388 0.169
    男[例(%)] 45(66.2) 18(66.7) χ2=0.002 0.964
    白细胞(×109/L) 2.62(2.15~4.51) 2.22(1.51~3.21) Z=2.269 0.023
    血红蛋白(g/L) 103.06±27.12 90.37±32.90 t=1.933 0.056
    血小板(×109/L) 67(40~83) 61(39~85) Z=0.238 0.812
    凝血酶原时间(s) 14.64±3.86 14.82±2.21 t=0.227 0.821
    国际标准化比值 1.26±0.16 1.31±0.23 t=1.284 0.202
    胆红素(μmol/L) 21.50(14.80~29.50) 18.30(11.60~36.05) Z=0.359 0.720
    丙氨酸转氨酶(U/L) 27(18~35) 21(14~29) Z=1.532 0.126
    天冬氨酸转氨酶(U/L) 34(26~47) 28(21~41) Z=1.375 0.169
    白蛋白(g/L) 35.29±5.41 34.78±6.68 t=0.392 0.696
    尿素氮(mmol/L) 4.4(3.3~7.1) 4.3(3.0~5.7) Z=0.146 0.884
    肌酐(μmol/L) 66(60~71) 77(54~86) Z=1.401 0.161
    C反应蛋白(mg/L) 1.5(0.6~5.0) 2.9(0.7~13.9) Z=0.991 0.332
    脑钠肽(ng/L) 80.5(44.8~124.6) 216.0(53.8~541.5) Z=1.309 0.191
    HVPG(mmHg) 15.06±5.82 18.57±6.60 t=2.280 0.026
    血氨(μmol/L) 39(25~44) 17(11~43) Z=1.465 0.143
    中重度腹腔积液[例(%)] 20(29.4) 11(40.7) χ2=1.128 0.288
    Child-Pugh评分(分) 6(5~8) 7(6~8) Z=1.424 0.155
    MELD评分(分) 6.98(4.14~9.53) 6.24(3.97~11.21) Z=0.528 0.601
    门静脉直径(mm) 15.45±2.90 14.04±2.90 t=2.138 0.035
    脾静脉直径(mm) 11.59±3.08 10.06±4.22 t=1.713 0.095
    脾肾分流直径(mm) 3.45(2.10~5.45) 4.60(3.20~5.90) Z=1.973 0.048
    肠系膜上静脉直径(mm) 11.70(10.40~13.63) 10.70(8.90~12.40) Z=1.939 0.052
    门静脉血栓[例(%)] 8(11.8) 3(11.1) χ2=0.008 0.928
    治疗方式1)[例(%)] χ2=3.541 0.170
    内镜 53(80.3) 16(61.5)
    TIPS 10(15.2) 8(30.8)
    外科手术 3(4.5) 2(7.7)
    注:1)未再出血组2例患者治疗方式缺失,再出血组1例患者治疗方式缺失。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  肝硬化合并SSRS患者消化道再出血的Cox单因素分析

    Table  2.   Cox univariate analysis of gastrointestinal rebleeding factors in cirrhotic patients complicated by spontaneous splenorenal shunts

    项目 B SE Wald P RR(95%CI
    年龄(岁) -0.021 0.016 1.761 0.184 0.979(0.949~1.010)
    性别(男/女) -0.082 0.417 0.039 0.844 0.921(0.407~2.085)
    白细胞(×109/L) -0.244 0.150 2.626 0.105 0.784(0.584~1.052)
    血红蛋白(g/L) -0.012 0.007 2.589 0.108 0.988(0.974~1.003)
    血小板(×109/L) 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.942 1.000(0.990~1.011)
    凝血酶原时间(s) -0.001 0.057 0.000 0.986 0.999(0.893~1.117)
    国际标准化比值 1.176 1.231 0.912 0.339 3.243(0.290~36.236)
    胆红素(μmol/L) -0.002 0.012 0.021 0.886 0.998(0.974~1.023)
    丙氨酸转氨酶(U/L) -0.022 0.019 1.285 0.257 0.979(0.943~1.016)
    天冬氨酸转氨酶(U/L) -0.028 0.018 2.488 0.115 0.972(0.939~1.007)
    白蛋白(g/L) -0.009 0.035 0.067 0.796 0.991(0.924~1.062)
    C反应蛋白(mg/L) 0.028 0.018 2.493 0.114 1.028(0.993~1.065)
    HVPG(mmHg) 0.084 0.033 6.578 0.010 1.088(1.020~1.160)
    血氨(μmol/L) -0.004 0.010 0.194 0.659 0.996(0.976~1.015)
    Child-Pugh评分 0.079 0.100 0.622 0.430 1.082(0.889~1.318)
    Child-Pugh分级
    A级 1.846 0.397
    B级 -0.266 0.775 0.118 0.731 0.766(0.168~3.498)
    C级 0.304 0.760 0.161 0.689 1.356(0.306~6.010)
    MELD评分 0.074 0.051 2.115 0.146 1.077(0.974~1.191)
    门静脉直径(mm) -0.135 0.075 3.288 0.070 0.873(0.754~1.011)
    脾静脉直径(mm) -0.109 0.055 3.882 0.049 0.896(0.804~0.999)
    脾肾分流直径(mm) 0.162 0.081 4.025 0.045 1.176(1.004~1.377)
    肠系膜上静脉直径(mm) -0.194 0.068 8.079 0.004 0.823(0.720~0.941)
    治疗方式
    内镜 2.311 0.315
    TIPS -0.156 1.031 0.023 0.880 0.856(0.113~6.456)
    手术治疗 0.533 1.069 0.249 0.618 1.705(0.210~13.858)
    门静脉血栓(有 vs 无) 0.022 0.616 0.001 0.971 1.023(0.306~3.418)
    腹腔积液(有 vs 无) 0.577 0.429 1.812 0.178 1.781(0.768~4.129)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  肝硬化合并SSRS患者5年生存情况的Cox单因素分析

    Table  3.   Cox univariate analysis of the 5-year survival status in cirrhotic patients complicated by spontaneous splenorenal shunts

    项目 B SE Wald P RR(95%CI
    年龄(岁) 0.002 0.031 0.005 0.944 1.002(0.944~1.064)
    性别(男/女) 0.244 0.837 0.085 0.771 1.276(0.248~6.577)
    白细胞(×109/L) 0.183 0.137 1.781 0.182 1.201(0.918~1.573)
    血红蛋白(g/L) -0.025 0.015 2.937 0.087 0.975(0.948~1.004)
    血小板(×109/L) -0.017 0.014 1.392 0.238 0.983(0.956~1.011)
    凝血酶原时间(s) 0.067 0.051 1.708 0.191 1.069(0.967~1.182)
    国际标准化比值 5.498 1.688 10.609 0.001 244.313(8.934~6 681.139)
    胆红素(μmol/L) 0.023 0.008 8.338 0.004 1.023(1.007~1.039)
    丙氨酸转氨酶(U/L) 0.014 0.016 0.730 0.393 1.014(0.982~1.047)
    天冬氨酸转氨酶(U/L) 0.020 0.013 2.378 0.123 1.020(0.995~1.046)
    白蛋白(g/L) -0.107 0.055 3.794 0.051 0.898(0.807~1.001)
    尿素氮(mmol/L) 0.255 0.067 14.461 <0.001 1.291(1.132~1.472)
    肌酐(μmol/L) 0.021 0.006 13.592 <0.001 1.022(1.010~1.033)
    脑钠肽(ng/L) 0.003 0.002 3.831 0.050 1.003(1.000~1.007)
    HVPG(mmHg) 0.048 0.078 0.388 0.534 1.050(0.901~1.222)
    血氨(μmol/L) -0.013 0.021 0.358 0.550 0.988(0.948~1.029)
    Child-Pugh评分 0.316 0.162 3.788 0.052 1.371(0.998~1.884)
    Child-Pugh分级
    A级 3.517 0.172
    B级 -1.837 1.001 3.373 0.066 0.159(0.022~1.132)
    C级 -1.211 0.914 1.756 0.185 0.298(0.050~1.786)
    MELD评分 0.330 0.081 16.660 <0.001 1.390(1.187~1.629)
    门静脉直径(mm) -0.421 0.174 5.836 0.016 0.656(0.467~0.924)
    脾静脉直径(mm) -0.190 0.097 3.809 0.051 0.827(0.684~1.001)
    脾肾分流直径(mm) 0.260 0.147 3.123 0.077 1.297(0.972~1.732)
    肠系膜上静脉直径(mm) -0.447 0.113 15.641 <0.001 0.639(0.512~0.798)
    治疗方式
    内镜 6.917 0.031
    TIPS -2.401 0.913 6.912 0.009 0.091(0.015~0.543)
    手术治疗 -1.379 1.000 1.901 0.168 0.252(0.035~1.788)
    门静脉血栓(有 vs 无) -0.012 0.614 0.000 0.984 0.988(0.297~3.291)
    腹腔积液(有 vs 无) 0.478 0.412 1.344 0.246 1.613(0.719~3.619)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  肝硬化合并SSRS患者短期和长期随访的不良事件

    Table  4.   Adverse event analysis of short-term and long-term follow-up in cirrhotic patients complicated by spontaneous splenorenal shunts

    不良事件 短期累积事件 长期累积事件 5年无事件率(95%CI
    全因死亡 2 7 92.6%(91.3%~94.0%)
    再出血 9 26 72.6%(68.6%~76.6%)
    肝性脑病 1 3 96.8%(96.2%~97.5%)
    感染 4 4 95.8%(95.0%~96.6%)
    门静脉血栓 2 11 88.4%(86.4%~90.5%)
    脑出血 1 1 98.9%(98.7%~99.2%)
    脑梗死 0 1 98.9%(98.7%~99.2%)
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-11-26
  • 录用日期:  2023-12-26
  • 出版日期:  2024-07-25
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