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基于临床指标和MRI征象构建的列线图对原发性肝癌中医证型的诊断效能

王莹 张喜荣

引用本文:
Citation:

基于临床指标和MRI征象构建的列线图对原发性肝癌中医证型的诊断效能

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240720
基金项目: 

陕西省卫生健康科研基金项目 (2022D047);

陕西省重点产业创新链项目 (2021ZDLSF04-10)

伦理学声明:本研究方案经由陕西中医药大学附属医院伦理委员会审批,批号:SZFYIEC-PJ-2023年第[224]号。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:王莹负责设计论文框架,收集和分析数据,绘制图表,起草论文;张喜荣负责拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    张喜荣, 113124329@qq.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-6761-4790)

Performance of a nomogram model established based on clinical indices and magnetic resonance imaging signs in the diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types of primary liver cancer

Research funding: 

Shaanxi Health Research Fund Project (2022D047);

Shaanxi Province Key Industrial Innovation Chain Project (2021ZDLSF04-10)

More Information
    Corresponding author: ZHANG Xirong, 113124329@qq.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-6761-4790)
  • 摘要:   目的  探究临床指标联合MRI征象的列线图模型对原发性肝癌中医证型的判断效能。  方法  回顾性收集2018年9月—2023年7月在陕西中医药大学附属医院住院的138例原发性肝癌患者临床资料,并分为实证组(n=84)和虚证组(n=54),所有患者均在治疗前行钆塞酸二钠增强MRI扫描。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率检验。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验。应用Logistic回归分析原发性肝癌中医证型的独立预测因子,并构建列线图模型,将所有患者按8∶2随机分为训练组(n=110)和验证组(n=28)。通过校准曲线、受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)和决策曲线评估模型的临床效能。  结果  实证组与虚证组比较,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、血小板、白蛋白、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值、凝血酶原时间、甲胎蛋白、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、总胆红素、有无门静脉侵犯、肿瘤个数、肝胆期肿瘤信号和表观扩散系数差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,甲胎蛋白(OR=0.003,95%CI:0.000~0.052,P<0.001)、凝血酶原时间(OR=0.032,95%CI:0.004~0.286,P=0.002)、淋巴细胞(OR=0.032,95%CI:0.004~0.268,P=0.002)、白蛋白(OR=0.009,95%CI:0.001~0.163,P=0.001)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(OR=0.040,95%CI:0.003~0.457,P=0.010)、直接胆红素(OR=0.014,95%CI:0.001~0.198,P=0.002)、门静脉癌栓(OR=0.005,95%CI:0.000~0.115,P=0.001)、肿瘤个数(OR=12.740,95%CI:1.212~133.937,P=0.034)和表观扩散系数(OR=19.269,95%CI:3.163~117.387,P=0.001)是原发性肝癌中医证型分型的独立预测因子。训练组的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为0.962、84.1%、92.4%和89.1%,验证组的AUC、敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为0.848、63.6%、100.0%和85.7%。校准曲线显示列线图模型在训练组和验证组中的预测证型与实际证型之间有较好的一致性。决策曲线显示列线图在较大的阈值概率范围内有较好的净收益。  结论  基于临床指标联合MRI征象的列线图模型在判断原发性肝癌中医证型方面具有良好的临床效能和价值。

     

  • 图  1  肝癌患者的MRI影像征象

    注: a、e,动脉期;b、f,平衡期;c、g,DWI;d、h,肝胆期。a~d为男性患者,虚证,肝右后叶上段结节,无门静脉癌栓及肝外转移,肿瘤边缘光滑、包膜完整、DWI高信号、肝胆期信号减低;e~h为男性患者,实证,肝右后叶下段结节,有门静脉癌栓和肝外转移,肿瘤边缘不光滑、包膜破坏、DWI高信号、肝胆期信号减低。

    Figure  1.  MRI signs of patients with liver cancer

    图  2  预测肝癌中医证型的列线图

    注: 将每个变量所对应的分数相加计算总分,其对应列线图上中医证型为虚证的概率。

    Figure  2.  Nomogram for predicting TCM syndrome types of liver cancer

    图  3  预测肝癌中医证型列线图的校准曲线

    注: a,训练组;b,验证组。

    Figure  3.  Calibration curve of the TCM syndrome type nomogram model for predicting liver cancer

    图  4  预测肝癌中医证型列线图的决策曲线

    注: a,训练组;b,验证组。

    Figure  4.  Decision curve of the TCM syndrome type nomogram model for predicting liver cancer

    图  5  预测肝癌中医证型列线图的ROC曲线

    注: a,训练组;b,验证组。

    Figure  5.  ROC curve of the TCM syndrome type nomogram model for predicting liver cancer

    表  1  肝癌中医证型间一般资料的单因素分析

    Table  1.   Single factor analysis of general data between TCM syndrome types of liver cancer

    项目 实证组(n=84) 虚证组(n=54) 统计值 P
    性别[例(%)] χ2=0.003 0.957
    65(77.4) 42(77.8)
    19(22.6) 12(22.2)
    年龄(岁) 56.40±1.09 54.50±1.56 t=1.032 0.304
    乙型肝炎病史[例(%)] χ2=0.144 0.704
    72(85.7) 45(83.3)
    12(14.3) 9(16.7)
    肝硬化[例(%)] >0.05
    82(97.6) 53(98.1)
    2(2.4) 1(1.9)
    Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] χ2=2.928 0.231
    A级 52(61.9) 40(74.1)
    B级 24(28.6) 12(22.2)
    C级 8(9.5) 2(3.7)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  肝癌中医证型间实验室指标的单因素分析

    Table  2.   Single factor analysis of laboratory indexes between TCM syndrome types of liver cancer

    项目 实证组(n=84) 虚证组(n=54) χ2 P
    NEUT[例(%)] 44.024 0.045
    ≤3.87×109/L 62(73.8) 31(57.4)
    >3.87×109/L 22(26.2) 23(42.6)
    LYM[例(%)] 5.603 0.018
    ≤1.26×109/L 50(59.5) 21(38.9)
    >1.26×109/L 34(40.5) 33(61.1)
    PLT[例(%)] 4.963 0.026
    ≤125.50×109/L 55(65.5) 25(46.3)
    >125.50×109/L 29(34.5) 29(53.7)
    ALBI评分[例(%)] 3.809 0.051
    ≤0.87 56(66.7) 27(50.0)
    >0.87 28(33.3) 27(50.0)
    Alb[例(%)] 9.459 0.002
    ≤35.00 g/L 35(41.7) 9(16.7)
    >35.00 g/L 49(58.3) 45(83.3)
    NLR[例(%)] 7.925 0.005
    ≤1.64 29(34.5) 7(13.0)
    >1.64 55(65.5) 47(87.0)
    PT[例(%)] 15.592 <0.001
    ≤12.15 s 49(58.3) 13(24.1)
    >12.15 s 35(41.7) 41(75.9)
    AFP[例(%)] 31.446 <0.001
    ≤262.22 ng/mL 79(94.0) 29(53.7)
    >262.22 ng/mL 5(6.0) 25(46.3)
    AST[例(%)] 11.289 0.256
    ≤61.50 U/L 69(82.1) 40(74.1)
    >61.50 U/L 15(17.9) 14(25.9)
    ALT[例(%)] 1.826 0.177
    ≤42.50 U/L 62(73.8) 34(63.0)
    >42.50 U/L 22(26.2) 20(37.0)
    LDH[例(%)] 2.762 0.097
    ≤222.50 ng/mL 33(39.3) 29(53.7)
    >222.50 ng/mL 51(60.7) 25(46.3)
    CEA[例(%)] 1.876 0.171
    ≤4.09 ng/mL 58(69.0) 43(79.6)
    >4.09 ng/mL 26(31.0) 11(20.4)
    DBil[例(%)] 6.194 0.013
    ≤13.15 μmol/mL 65(77.4) 31(57.4)
    >13.15 μmol/mL 19(22.6) 23(42.6)
    IBil[例(%)] 5.846 0.016
    ≤8.85 μmol/mL 26(31.0) 7(13.0)
    >8.85 μmol/mL 58(69.0) 47(87.0)
    TBil[例(%)] 5.263 0.022
    ≤22.65 μmol/mL 51(60.7) 22(40.7)
    >22.65 μmol/mL 33(39.3) 32(59.3)
    注:ALBI评分=0.66×log10(TBil)±(-0.085)×Alb。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  肝癌中医证型间影像特征的单因素分析

    Table  3.   Single factor analysis of imaging features between TCM syndrome types of liver cancer

    项目 实证组(n=84) 虚证组(n=54) χ2 P
    门静脉癌栓[例(%)] 5.253 0.022
    29(34.5) 9(16.7)
    55(65.5) 45(83.3)
    肝外转移[例(%)] 0.219 0.640
    13(15.5) 10(18.5)
    71(84.5) 44(81.5)
    肿瘤最大直径[例(%)] 1.755 0.185
    ≤4.54 cm 66(78.6) 37(68.5)
    >4.54 cm 18(21.4) 17(31.5)
    肿瘤个数[例(%)] 6.540 0.011
    单发(1个) 53(63.1) 45(83.3)
    多发(≥2个) 31(36.9) 9(16.7)
    肿瘤形态[例(%)] 0.545 0.761
    结节型 68(81.0) 41(75.9)
    块状型 14(16.7) 11(20.4)
    弥漫型 2(2.4) 2(3.7)
    包膜情况[例(%)] 1.071 0.301
    完整 47(56.0) 35(64.8)
    不完整 37(44.0) 19(35.2)
    肿瘤边缘[例(%)] 0.599 0.439
    光滑 43(51.2) 24(44.4)
    不光滑 41(48.8) 30(55.6)
    肝胆期信号[例(%)] 4.702 0.030
    减低 71(84.5) 52(96.3)
    不减低 13(15.5) 2(3.7)
    DWI信号[例(%)] 0.528
    高信号 76(90.5) 51(94.4)
    等信号 8(9.5) 3(5.6)
    ADC[例(%)] 29.826 <0.001
    ≤0.889×10-3 mm2/s 21(25.0) 39(72.2)
    >0.889×10-3 mm2/s 63(75.0) 15(27.8)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  Logistic回归分析结果

    Table  4.   Results of Logistic regression analysis

    项目 OR 95%CI P
    AFP(ng/mL) 0.003 0.000~0.052 <0.001
    PT(s) 0.032 0.004~0.286 0.002
    LYM(×109/L) 0.032 0.004~0.268 0.002
    Alb(g/L) 0.009 0.001~0.163 0.001
    NLR 0.040 0.003~0.457 0.010
    DBil(μmol/mL) 0.014 0.001~0.198 0.002
    门静脉癌栓 0.005 0.000~0.115 0.001
    肿瘤个数 12.740 1.212~133.937 0.034
    ADC(×10-3 mm2/s) 19.269 3.163~117.387 0.001
    下载: 导出CSV
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