老年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病与骨质疏松的关联分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH240813
Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and osteoporosis in elderly patients
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摘要:
目的 分析老年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与骨质疏松的关系及影响因素。 方法 选取2016年6月—2023年4月于北京大学人民医院老年科住院的年龄≥60岁的824例患者,其中骨质疏松组398例,非骨质疏松组426例。收集研究对象的一般资料、血生化指标,肝脏B超检查及双光能X线骨密度结果等。符合正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用成组t检验,非正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,分类变量采用χ2检验进行分析;采用二元Logistic回归分析骨质疏松的独立影响因素。 结果 与非骨质疏松组相比,骨质疏松组年龄较大,女性更多见,糖尿病占比较高,身体质量指数(BMI)较低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。骨质疏松组患者NAFLD占比高于非骨质疏松组(36.2% vs 24.6%,χ2=12.878,P<0.001)。骨质疏松组患者血红蛋白、尿酸、Alb水平低于非骨质疏松组,总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶水平高于非骨质疏松组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄(OR=1.040,95%CI:1.015~1.066,P=0.002)、女性(OR=4.089,95%CI:2.607~6.411,P<0.001)、NAFLD(OR=1.697,95%CI:1.076~2.678,P=0.023)、糖尿病(OR=1.509,95%CI:1.008~2.260,P=0.046)、LDL-C(OR=1.431,95%CI:1.010~2.029,P=0.044)是老年患者骨质疏松的独立危险因素。考虑糖尿病对研究结果的影响,进一步对非糖尿病老年患者进行亚组分析,结果显示NAFLD仍是老年非糖尿病患者骨质疏松的独立危险因素(OR=1.573,95%CI:1.015~2.439,P=0.043)。 结论 NAFLD、高龄、女性是影响老年患者骨质疏松的独立危险因素。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and osteoporosis in elderly patients. Methods A total of 824 patients, aged ≥60 years, who were hospitalized in Department of Gerontology, Peking University People’s Hospital, from June 2016 to April 2023 were enrolled, with 398 patients in the osteoporosis group and 426 in the non-osteoporosis group. Related data were collected from all subjects, including general information, blood biochemical parameters, liver ultrasound, and bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray examination. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables; a binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Results Compared with the non-osteoporosis group, the osteoporosis group had a significantly higher age, a significantly higher proportion of female patients or patients with diabetes, and a significantly lower body mass index (all P<0.05). The osteoporosis group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with NAFLD than the non-osteoporosis group (36.2% vs 24.6%, χ2=12.878, P<0.001). Compared with the non-osteoporosis group, the osteoporosis group had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, uric acid, and albumin and significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (all P<0.05). The binary Logistic regression analysis showed that old age (odd ratio [OR]=1.040, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015 — 1.066, P=0.002), female sex (OR=4.089, 95%CI: 2.607 — 6.411, P<0.001), NAFLD (OR=1.697, 95%CI: 1.076 — 2.678, P=0.023), diabetes (OR=1.509, 95%CI: 1.008 — 2.260, P=0.046), and LDL-C (OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.010 — 2.029, P=0.044) were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in elderly patients. Considering the impact of diabetes on the research findings, a subgroup analysis was performed for the patients without diabetes, and the results showed that NAFLD (OR=1.573, 95%CI: 1.015 — 2.439, P=0.043) was an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in the elderly patients without diabetes. Conclusion NAFLD, old age, and female sex are independent risk factors for osteoporosis in elderly patients. -
Key words:
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease /
- Osteoporosis /
- Aged
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表 1 老年患者骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组一般资料
Table 1. Comparison of general information between osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group in the elderly
指标 骨质疏松组(n=398) 非骨质疏松组(n=426) 统计值 P值 女性[例(%)] 246(61.8) 123(28.9) χ2=90.265 <0.001 年龄(岁) 78.08±8.51 76.09±9.25 t=-3.211 0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 23.15±5.00 24.48±4.75 t=3.902 <0.001 高血压病史[例(%)] 253(63.6) 282(66.2) χ2=0.625 0.429 糖尿病病史[例(%)] 193(48.5) 137(32.2) χ2=10.150 0.001 冠心病病史[例(%)] 116(29.1) 131(30.8) χ2=0.253 0.615 颈动脉粥样硬化[例(%)] 327(82.2) 352(82.6) χ2=0.036 0.850 NAFLD[例(%)] 144(36.2) 105(24.6) χ2=12.878 <0.001 表 2 老年患者骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组生化及代谢指标
Table 2. Comparison of biochemical and metabolic indicators between osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group in the elderly
指标 骨质疏松组(n=398) 非骨质疏松组(n=426) 统计值 P值 Hb(g/L) 125.64±17.30 130.91±16.16 t=4.480 <0.001 FPG(mmol/L) 5.64±1.83 5.74±1.94 t=0.785 0.433 HbA1c(%) 6.62±2.99 6.22±1.54 t=1.789 0.074 ALT(U/L) 14(10~20) 16(13~22) Z=-1.955 0.051 AST(U/L) 19(16~23) 20(16~24) Z=-0.261 0.794 TC(mmol/L) 4.43±1.09 4.22±1.48 t=-2.300 0.022 TG(mmol/L) 1.25(0.93~1.69) 1.24(0.94~1.75) Z=-0.069 0.945 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.69±0.92 2.53±0.82 t=-2.550 0.011 Alb(g/L) 38.11±6.42 39.10±7.34 t=2.078 0.038 UA(μmol/L) 325.75±94.68 354.79±91.15 t=4.478 <0.001 TSH(uIU/mL) 1.80(1.19~2.90) 1.85(1.17~2.77) Z=-0.074 0.941 FINS(μIU/mL) 7.66(4.72~11.77) 8.28(4.88~12.12) Z=-0.640 0.522 HOMA-IR 1.09(1.92~3.14) 2.14(1.26~3.34) Z=-1.718 0.086 25(OH)D(ng/mL) 30.85(23.11~44.91) 35.00(23.50~50.64) Z=-1.515 0.130 BSAP(ng/mL) 10.72±5.70 8.41±3.37 t=-6.204 <0.001 TRAP(U/L) 4.13±1.95 3.59±1.16 t=-4.228 <0.001 表 3 老年患者骨质疏松影响因素的Logistic回归分析结果
Table 3. The results of Logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of osteoporosis in elderly patients
指标 回归系数 标准误 OR(95%CI) P值 年龄 0.040 0.013 1.040(1.015~1.066) 0.002 性别(女) 1.408 0.230 4.089(2.607~6.411) <0.001 NAFLD 0.529 0.233 1.697(1.076~2.678) 0.023 糖尿病 0.412 0.206 1.509(1.008~2.260) 0.046 LDL-C 0.359 0.178 1.431(1.010~2.029) 0.044 Alb -0.028 0.016 0.973(0.943~1.003) 0.074 BMI -0.014 0.021 0.986(0.947~1.027) 0.504 TC -0.079 0.103 0.924(0.755~1.130) 0.442 UA -0.001 0.001 0.999(0.997~1.001) 0.460 Hb 0.000 0.008 1.000(0.985~1.016) 0.975 HOMA-IR 0.023 0.021 1.023(0.982~1.066) 0.274 注:性别赋值,男=0,女=1;NAFLD赋值,否=0,是=1;糖尿病赋值,否=0,是=1。
表 4 老年非糖尿病患者骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组一般资料
Table 4. Comparison of general information between osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group in the elderly without diabetes
指标 骨质疏松组(n=261) 非骨质疏松组(n=233) 统计值 P值 女性[例(%)] 158(60.5) 76(32.6) χ2=38.487 <0.001 年龄(岁) 78.02±8.55 75.53±9.54 t=5.736 0.003 BMI(kg/m2) 22.43±5.12 24.76±4.90 t=4.953 <0.001 高血压病史[例(%)] 143(54.8) 145(62.2) χ2=2.805 0.094 冠心病病史[例(%)] 59(22.6) 62(26.6) χ2=1.067 0.302 颈动脉粥样硬化[例(%)] 207(79.3) 189(81.1) χ2=0.252 0.615 NAFLD[例(%)] 83(31.8) 47(20.2) χ2=7.874 0.005 表 5 老年非糖尿病患者骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组患者生化及代谢指标
Table 5. Comparison of biochemical and metabolic indicators between osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group in the elderly without diabetes
指标 骨质疏松组(n=261) 非骨质疏松组(n=233) 统计值 P值 Hb(g/L) 125.59±18.49 131.99±15.13 t=0.891 <0.001 FPG(mmol/L) 5.00±1.01 5.08±1.23 t=0.783 0.475 ALT(U/L) 13(10~17) 16(13~22) Z=-0.413 0.679 AST(U/L) 19(17~23) 20(17~24) Z=-0.019 0.984 TC(mmol/L) 4.46±1.04 4.33±1.71 t=2.664 0.307 TG(mmol/L) 1.20(0.88~1.58) 1.22(0.93~1.67) Z=-1.688 0.091 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.66±0.79 2.59±0.80 t=0.122 0.360 Alb(g/L) 37.92±6.02 39.04±8.52 t=0.005 0.090 UA(μmol/L) 320.15±86.67 355.91±84.96 t=0.105 <0.001 TSH(uIU/mL) 1.77(1.16~2.90) 1.76(1.12~2.69) Z=-0.734 0.461 FINS(μIU/mL) 6.67(4.50~10.08) 8.89(5.50~13.21) Z=-1.985 0.047 HOMA-IR 1.39(0.89~2.24) 2.00(1.16~3.09) Z=-2.183 0.029 25(OH)D(ng/mL) 31.31(23.45~43.12) 32.56(23.24~48.54) Z=-1.347 0.178 BSAP(ng/mL) 11.09±6.32 8.78±3.56 t=16.030 <0.001 TRAP(U/L) 4.23±2.26 3.59±1.15 t=12.000 <0.001 表 6 老年非糖尿病患者骨质疏松影响因素的Logistic回归分析结果
Table 6. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of osteoporosis in elderly patients without diabetes
指标 回归系数 标准误 OR(95%CI) P值 年龄 0.037 0.014 1.037(1.009~1.067) 0.010 性别(女) 1.223 0.257 3.401(2.054~5.618) 0.000 NAFLD 0.453 0.224 1.573(1.015~2.439) 0.043 HOMA-IR -0.021 0.019 0.811(0.687~0.958) 0.014 BMI -0.019 0.028 0.981(0.926~1.036) 0.489 TSH 0.058 0.062 1.059(0.937~1.197) 0.356 UA -0.001 0.002 0.999(0.996~1.002) 0.483 Hb -0.003 0.001 0.997(0.978~1.016) 0.729 注:性别赋值,男=0,女=1;NAFLD赋值,否=0,是=1。
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