术前ALT/AST联合多期CT影像学指标对胰十二指肠切除术后临床相关胰瘘的预测价值
DOI: 10.12449/JCH240922
Value of preoperative alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase combined with multi-phase CT radiological indicators in predicting clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy
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摘要:
目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后发生临床相关胰瘘(CR-POPF)的危险因素,并建立预测模型,对CR-POPF患者进行早期预测。 方法 选取北部战区总医院2019年1月—2023年10月244例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者,经过严格的纳入排除标准筛选后最终纳入179例患者,根据是否发生CR-POPF分为非CR-POPF组(n=120)和CR-POPF组(n=59)。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析确定CR-POPF相关的独立危险因素,并构建列线图。采用受试者工作特征曲线评价预测效果,校准曲线评价模型校准度,用临床决策曲线和临床影响曲线分析验证模型的临床应用价值。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法;计量资料符合正态分布的2组间比较采用成组t检验,偏态分布的2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。 结果 179例患者中59例发生CR-POPF,发生率为33.0%。经过多因素Logistic分析确定术后CR-POPF的独立危险因素:较大的ALT/AST(OR=2.221,P=0.004)、主胰管直径≤3 mm(OR=0.276,P=0.022)、较大的腹膜胰颈前距离(OR=1.034,P=0.027)、较小的细胞外体积分数(OR=0.001,P=0.005)。根据上述4个独立危险因素构建预测胰十二指肠术后CR-POPF的列线图,该模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.837,敏感度为0.932,特异度为0.725。决策曲线和影响曲线的结果也显示该列线图具有良好的临床实用性。 结论 术前临床指标联合多期CT共同预测胰十二指肠切除术后CR-POPF的模型效能良好,可以在术前对胰瘘高危患者进行早期识别,进一步指导临床工作。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the risk factors for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and to establish a predictive model for early identification of CR-POPF. Methods A total of 244 patients who underwent PD in General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from January 2019 to October 2023 were collected, and based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 179 patients were finally enrolled in this study. According to the presence or absence of CR-POPF, these patients were divided into non-CR-POPF group with 120 patients and CR-POPF group with 59 patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors for CR-POPF, and a nomogram model was established based on such factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model, the calibration curve was used to evaluate the calibration degree of the model, and the clinical decision curve and the clinical impact curve were used to analyze and validate the clinical application value of the model. The chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between two groups. Results Among the 179 patients, 59 (33.0%) developed CR-POPF. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (odds ratio [OR]=2.221, P=0.004), main pancreatic duct diameter (OR=0.276, P=0.022), the distance between the peritoneum and the anterior pancreatic neck (OR=1.034, P=0.027), and extracellular volume fraction (OR=0.001, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for CR-POPF. Based on the above four independent risk factors, a nomogram was established to predict CR-POPF after PD, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.837, a sensitivity of 0.932, and a specificity of 0.725. The decision curve and the clinical impact curve also showed that the nomogram had good clinical practicability. Conclusion Preoperative clinical indicators combined with multi-phase CT have a good performance in predicting CR-POPF after PD, which can be used to early identify patients at high risk of pancreatic fistula before surgery and provide further guidance for clinical work. -
Key words:
- Pancreaticoduodenectomy /
- Computed Tomography /
- Risk Factors /
- Pancreatic Fistula /
- Nomograms
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表 1 患者临床基线资料
Table 1. Clinical baseline data of patients
变量 数值 性别[例(%)] 女 63(35.2) 男 116(64.8) 年龄(岁) 62.0(56.0~69.0) 糖尿病[例(%)] 否 141(78.8) 是 38(21.2) 高血压[例(%)] 否 125(69.8) 是 54(30.2) BMI(kg/m2) 23.38±3.23 手术方式[例(%)] PD 129(72.1) LPD 50(27.9) 术前减黄[例(%)] 否 120(67.0) 是 59(33.0) 主胰管直径[例(%)] ≤3 mm 120(67.0) >3 mm 59(33.0) CT判断血管侵犯[例(%)] 否 162(90.5) 是 17(9.5) CR-POPF[例(%)] 否 120(67.0) 是 59(33.0) 术前血细胞比容 0.38(0.35~0.41) 术前血红蛋白(g/L) 129.00(118.00~138.00) 术前前白蛋白(mg/L) 170.17±55.70 术前白蛋白(g/L) 37.10(34.20~39.20) 术前总胆红素(μmol/L) 101.30(18.50~210.10) ALT(U/L) 126.19(41.81~237.50) AST(U/L) 82.82(30.60~151.45) ALT/AST 1.40(1.04~1.85) CA19-9(KU/L) 77.12(15.83~335.60) 胰腺平扫期CT值(Hu) 41.10(35.05~46.13) 胰腺动脉期CT值(Hu) 84.80(69.50~96.33) 胰腺静脉期CT值(Hu) 95.95(81.33~109.95) 胰腺平衡期CT值(Hu) 81.05±14.73 脾脏平扫期CT值(Hu) 52.65(48.83~55.30) 肝脏平扫期CT值(Hu) 56.20±6.61 主动脉平扫期CT值(Hu) 43.30(38.35~47.50) 主动脉平衡期CT值(Hu) 115.70(105.55~126.35) 胰/脾CT比值 0.77±0.15 胰/肝CT比值 0.72±0.15 肾后脂肪厚度(mm) 8.80(4.30~15.75) 脐周脂肪厚度(mm) 16.55(12.40~22.71) 腹膜胰颈前距离(mm) 50.43±1.19 ECV分数 0.33(0.27~0.39) 表 2 PD术后CR-POPF单因素分析
Table 2. Univariate analysis of the CR-POPF after PD
变量 非CR-POPF(n=120) CR-POPF(n=59) 统计值 P值 性别[例(%)] χ2=3.680 0.055 女 48(40.0) 15(25.4) 男 72(60.0) 44(74.6) 年龄[例(%)] χ2=0.574 0.449 ≤60岁 56(46.7) 24(40.7) >60岁 64(53.3) 35(59.3) 糖尿病[例(%)] χ2=1.826 0.177 否 98(81.7) 43(72.9) 是 22(18.3) 16(27.1) 高血压[例(%)] χ2=0.005 0.945 否 84(70.0) 41(69.5) 是 36(30.0) 18(30.5) BMI[例(%)] χ2=3.455 0.063 ≤25 kg/m2 93(77.5) 38(64.4) >25 kg/m2 27(22.5) 21(35.6) 手术方式[例(%)] χ2=1.556 0.272 开腹 90(75.0) 39(66.1) 腹腔镜 30(25.0) 20(33.9) 术前减黄[例(%)] χ2=0.276 0.599 否 82(68.3) 38(64.4) 是 38(31.7) 21(35.6) CT判断血管侵犯[例(%)] χ2=0.046 0.830 否 109(90.8) 53(89.8) 是 11(9.2) 6(10.2) 主胰管直径[例(%)] χ2=14.992 <0.001 ≤3 mm 69(57.5) 51(86.4) >3 mm 51(42.5) 8(13.6) 术前血细胞比容 0.37(0.35~0.41) 0.39(0.34~0.42) Z=-1.166 0.244 术前血红蛋白(g/L) 126.00(118.00~134.00) 132.00(116.00~142.00) Z=-1.862 0.063 术前前白蛋白(mg/L) 169.86±52.96 170.80±56.81 t=-0.109 0.913 术前白蛋白(g/L) 36.90(33.90~39.10) 37.80(34.60~40.30) Z=-1.047 0.295 术前总胆红素(μmol/L) 99.50(16.82~209.93) 112.50(34.50~221.40) Z=-0.655 0.512 ALT(U/L) 119.95(40.57~231.06) 143.62(44.98~229.75) Z=-0.331 0.740 AST(U/L) 85.44(31.86~169.99) 77.73(30.20~121.69) Z=-0.902 0.367 ALT/AST 1.27(1.00~1.68) 1.53(1.21~2.02) Z=-3.188 0.001 CA19-9(KU/L) 94.82(10.39~487.13) 53.90(25.47~257.90) Z=-0.124 0.901 胰腺平扫期CT值(Hu) 41.33(35.65~46.00) 39.05(34.70~46.15) Z=-0.813 0.416 胰腺动脉期CT值(Hu) 84.17(68.71~95.56) 88.00(76.25~92.00) Z=-1.837 0.066 胰腺静脉期CT值(Hu) 96.63(82.79~109.51) 95.70(81.10~110.30) Z=-0.175 0.861 胰腺平衡期CT值(Hu) 85.90(75.13~92.95) 71.50(67.70~79.40) Z=-4.833 <0.001 脾脏平扫期CT值(Hu) 52.58(48.8~55.21) 52.50(49.45~54.95) Z=-0.075 0.94 肝脏平扫期CT值(Hu) 56.01±6.76 56.59±6.33 t=-0.546 0.586 主动脉平扫期CT值(Hu) 42.56±7.06 42.15±6.48 t=0.369 0.713 主动脉平衡期CT值(Hu) 116.20(105.78~130.78) 116.30(107.40~125.80) Z=-0.074 0.941 胰/脾CT比值 0.80(0.67~0.89) 0.76(0.66~0.87) Z=-0.942 0.346 胰/肝CT比值 0.73±0.16 0.71±0.13 t=0.978 0.329 肾后脂肪厚度(mm) 8.24(3.80~14.51) 11.60(6.30~16.50) Z=-2.068 0.039 脐周脂肪厚度(mm) 15.95(12.10~21.71) 19.10(14.30~25.30) Z=-2.189 0.029 腹膜胰颈前距离(mm) 46.99±16.31 57.43±12.56 t=-4.718 <0.001 ECV分数 0.36(0.32~0.41) 0.29(0.24~0.31) Z=-6.045 <0.001 表 3 多因素Logistic分析
Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis
变量 β值 OR(95%CI) P值 主胰管直径(≤3 mm vs >3 mm) -1.117 0.276(0.105~0.725) 0.022 ALT/AST 0.798 2.221(1.281~3.851) 0.004 胰腺平衡期CT值 -0.008 0.992(0.956~1.030) 0.691 肾后脂肪厚度 -0.01 0.990(0.937~1.047) 0.732 脐周脂肪厚度 0.002 1.002(0.956~1.050) 0.937 腹膜胰颈前距离 0.034 1.034(1.004~1.066) 0.027 ECV分数 -9.126 0.001(0.000~0.067) 0.005 表 4 相关指标预测效能
Table 4. Prediction efficiency of relevant indicators
变量 AUC(95%CI) 敏感度 特异度 PPV NPV Cut-off ALT/AST 0.647(0.560~0.734) 0.729 0.542 0.439 0.802 1.322 主胰管直径 0.645(0.582~0.707) 0.864 0.425 0.425 0.864 腹膜胰颈前距离 0.686(0.607~0.765) 0.966 0.342 0.419 0.953 38.7 ECV分数 0.778(0.709~0.847) 0.847 0.717 0.595 0.905 0.325 Nomogram 0.837(0.766~0.898) 0.932 0.725 0.625 0.956 264 -
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