中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

老年HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭预后的危险因素及风险预测列线图模型构建

张仕华 柏承志 李春燕 徐理茂 徐华谦 汤善宏

引用本文:
Citation:

老年HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭预后的危险因素及风险预测列线图模型构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH241009
基金项目: 

四川省卫健委科研课题 (20PJ180)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2020年7月9日由西部战区总医院伦理委员会审批,批号:2020ky005。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:张仕华、柏承志、李春燕负责研究设计,数据收集与分析,稿件撰写;张仕华、柏承志、徐理茂、徐华谦负责数据分析,稿件修改;汤善宏负责研究设计与指导,并最终定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    汤善宏, tangshanhong@swjtu.edu.cn (ORCID: 0000-0001-6652-2942)

Risk factors for the prognosis of elderly patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure and construction of a nomogram model for risk prediction

Research funding: 

The Science Foundations of Health Commission of Sichuan Provincial (20PJ180)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨老年HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)患者的临床特点,以及影响患者近期预后的危险因素。  方法  选取2015年1月—2023年1月在西部战区总医院收治的417例HBV-ACLF患者进行回顾性研究。收集患者一般情况、血常规、生化指标、肝硬化及失代偿事件情况(腹水及分级,肝性脑病及分级)等临床资料。随访患者90天生存情况。根据年龄将患者分为老年组(≥60岁,n=106)和非老年组(<60岁,n=311),老年组中根据90天生存情况分为生存组(n=41)和死亡或移植组(n=65)。定量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,定性资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。采用二元Logistic回归分析确定老年HBV-ACLF患者90天死亡风险的独立影响因素,构建老年HBV-ACLF患者死亡风险预测列线图模型。使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分别评价训练集与验证集中模型对于HBV-ACLF患者转归预测价值。绘制训练集与验证集中所构建模型的校准曲线与决策曲线,判断模型拟合程度与预测收益。  结果  老年患者的90天病死率显著高于非老年患者(P<0.05),其中老年组女性发生率、肝硬化基础发生率、肝性脑病发生率及分级、腹水发生率、肝纤维化指标水平(APRI、FIB-4)显著高于非老年组(P值均<0.05);而总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、白蛋白、甲胎蛋白、淋巴细胞等方面显著低于非老年组(P值均<0.05)。在老年HBV-ACLF患者中,生存组与死亡或移植组在总胆固醇、TBil、国际化标准比值(INR)、甲胎蛋白、血小板、肌酐、血清钠、单核细胞数量、肝性脑病发生率及分级等方面存在显著性差异(P值均<0.05)。此外,多因素Logistic回归分析提示INR(OR=11.351,95%CI:1.942~66.362)、单核细胞(OR=23.636,95%CI:1.388~402.529)、TBil(OR=1.007,95%CI:1.001~1.013)、血小板(OR=0.968,95%CI:0.945~0.993)为HBV-ACLF老年患者90天预后的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05),由此构建的列线图模型具有较高预测价值(ROC曲线下面积为0.915,敏感度为88.0%,特异度为86.7%),且在验证集中同样具有较高效能与拟合度,决策曲线提示获益较好,该模型与常用预测模型(MELD评分、COSSH-ACLFⅡ评分等)相比,仍具有较高预测效能。  结论  老年HBV-ACLF患者可能因肝脏合成、储备功能、再生能力下降、免疫功能紊乱等原因而表现为短期高病死率。INR、单核细胞、TBil、血小板在预测老年HBV-ACLF患者死亡风险方面具有较高价值,由此构建的列线图模型具有较高预测效能。

     

  • 图  1  老年HBV-ACLF患者90天预后的列线图模型

    Figure  1.  A 90-day prognosis model for elderly HBV-ACLF patients

    图  2  训练集与验证集模型的ROC曲线

    注: a,训练集;b,验证集。

    Figure  2.  ROC curves of training set and verification set models

    图  3  训练集与验证集模型的校准曲线

    注: a,训练集;b,验证集。

    Figure  3.  Calibration curves of training set and verification set models

    图  4  训练集与验证集模型的决策曲线

    注: a,训练集;b,验证集。

    Figure  4.  Decision curves of training set and verification set models

    图  5  列线图与其他模型评估老年HBV-ACLF预后的ROC曲线

    Figure  5.  ROC curves of the prognosis of HBV-ACLF in elderly patients with TIPM and other mode

    表  1  老年组和非老年组临床特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of clinical features between elderly group and non-elderly group

    指标 非老年组(n=311) 老年组(n=106) 统计值 P
    男性[例(%)] 270(81.817) 79(74.528) χ2=8.747 0.003
    90天病死率[例(%)] 100(32.154) 65(61.320) χ2=28.124 <0.001
    白细胞(×109/L) 6.175(4.592~8.198) 5.720(4.580~7.805) Z=-0.965 0.335
    血小板(×109/L) 98.766±75.747 83.248±39.374 t=2.017 0.044
    中性粒细胞(×109/L) 4.365(3.035~6.420) 4.370(3.137~5.798) Z=0.154 0.878
    淋巴细胞(×109/L) 0.980(0.740~1.412) 0.705(0.487~1.070) Z=-4.885 <0.001
    单核细胞(×109/L) 0.545(0.390~0.780) 0.540(0.360~0.780) Z=-0.699 0.485
    TBil(μmol/L) 321.370±152.156 353.437±155.964 t=-1.862 0.063
    ALT(U/L) 445.250(157.600~1 085.325) 430.900(142.675~784.125) Z=-0.751 0.453
    AST(U/L) 341.850(145.675~801.100) 388.500(182.050~953.900) Z=1.412 0.158
    白蛋白(g/L) 31.600±5.204 30.262±3.705 t=2.442 0.015
    总胆固醇(mmol/L) 2.030(1.497~2.683) 1.785(1.337~2.423) Z=-2.583 0.010
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.330(0.210~0.552) 0.270(0.137~0.465) Z=-2.268 0.023
    AFP(ng/mL) 76.295(19.105~217.312) 22.120(11.992~67.895) Z=-4.485 <0.001
    INR 1.780(1.570~2.170) 1.880(1.607~2.273) Z=1.065 0.287
    肌酐(μmol/L) 74.900(64.900~89.000) 78.00(63.000~104.000) Z=1.350 0.177
    血钠(mmol/L) 135.500(132.515~138.055) 134.950(131.675~138.025) Z=-1.590 0.122
    APRI 9.925(4.572~21.755) 12.435(5.362~27.358) Z=2.502 0.012
    FIB-4 8.885(5.055~16.795) 18.835(9.200~30.403) Z=7.308 <0.001
    MELD评分 22.195(19.467~25.513) 23.345(19.117~27.300) Z=1.896 0.058
    COSSH-ACLFⅡ评分 6.810(6.217~7.353) 7.725(7.192~8.588) Z=8.859 <0.001
    肝硬化基础[例(%)] 185(59.486) 87(82.075) χ2=17.787 <0.001
    上消化道出血[例(%)] 28(9.000) 7(6.604) χ2=0.592 0.442
    腹水[例(%)] 263(84.566) 99(93.396) χ2=5.384 0.020
    肝性脑病[例(%)] 62(19.936) 42(39.623) χ2=16.367 <0.001
    肝性脑病分级[例(%)] χ2=16.898 <0.001
    249(80.064) 64(60.377)
    1~2级 39(12.540) 29(27.359)
    3~4级 23(7.396) 13(12.264)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  老年HBV-ACLF生存组和死亡或移植组临床特征比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of clinical features between survival group and death/transplantation group in HBV-ACLF

    指标 生存组(n=41) 死亡或移植组(n=65) 统计值 P
    男性[例(%)] 30(73.170) 49(75.385) χ2=0.065 0.799
    白细胞(×109/L) 5.320(4.230~6.860) 5.730(4.995~8.755) Z=1.606 0.108
    血小板(×109/L) 97.220±42.658 74.435±34.674 t=3.011 0.003
    中性粒细胞(×109/L) 4.250(2.995~5.480) 4.440(3.570~6.695) Z=1.284 0.199
    单核细胞(×109/L) 0.440(0.340~0.585) 0.600(0.385~0.845) Z=2.492 0.013
    TBil(μmol/L) 286.556±114.221 395.623±164.562 t=-3.714 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 399.700(148.950~738.950) 424.700(136.900~807.000) Z=-0.204 0.838
    AST(U/L) 393.300(174.750~1 034.650) 383.300(194.250~969.800) Z=-0.139 0.889
    GGT(U/L) 119.800(76.600~174.150) 87.900(63.900~151.900) Z=-1.495 0.135
    总胆汁酸(μmol/L) 210.800(135.900~251.200) 220.800(163.700~277.900) Z=1.064 0.293
    白蛋白(g/L) 30.406±3.890 30.172±3.612 t=0.315 0.754
    前白蛋白(mg/L) 45.056±20.667 37.363±24.712 t=1.660 0.100
    总胆固醇(mmol/L) 2.223±0.817 1.740±0.742 t=3.136 0.002
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.372±0.205 0.308±0.207 t=1.571 0.119
    AFP(ng/mL) 55.830(12.670~115.040) 18.100(10.810~48.650) Z=-2.163 0.031
    INR 1.678±0.285 2.351±0.943 t=-4.439 <0.001
    血红蛋白(g/L) 121.000(110.500~131.000) 121.000(104.000~136.000) Z=-0.133 0.894
    肌酐(μmol/L) 79.998±29.715 101.932±62.634 t=-2.096 0.039

    续表

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  训练集与验证集老年HBV-ACLF患者临床特征比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of clinical features of elderly HBV-ACLF patients in training and verification

    指标 训练集(n=80) 验证集(n=26) 统计值 P
    白细胞(×109/L) 5.700(4.770~7.768) 5.795(3.735~8.428) Z=-0.389 0.697
    血小板(×109/L) 83.741±36.086 81.731±48.922 t=0.225 0.822
    中性粒细胞(×109/L) 4.395(3.510~5.730) 4.240(2.915~6.275) Z=-0.272 0.786
    单核细胞(×109/L) 0.550(0.390~0.810) 0.510(0.278~0.680) Z=-1.091 0.275
    TBil(μmol/L) 352.883±155.048 355.143±161.844 t=-0.064 0.949
    ALT(U/L) 404.600(136.425~942.525) 492.100(169.975~673.475) Z=0.073 0.941
    AST(U/L) 382.150(190.700~1 003.820) 473.200(209.325~917.600) Z=0.206 0.837
    GGT(U/L) 94.750(64.675~170.250) 104.550(67.325~168.525) Z=0.268 0.789
    总胆汁酸(μmol/L) 222.250(167.625~274.375) 200.655(146.030~280.350) Z=-0.720 0.472
    白蛋白(g/L) 30.240±3.899 30.333±3.102 t=-0.111 0.912
    前白蛋白(mg/L) 39.067±23.811 44.251±22.216 t=-0.980 0.329
    总胆固醇(mmol/L) 1.930±0.820 1.934±0.769 t=-0.045 0.964
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.320(0.153~0.478) 0.265(0.198~0.375) Z=-0.672 0.502
    AFP(ng/mL) 28.700(11.998~68.845) 17.295(8.303~65.988) Z=-0.977 0.329
    INR 2.147±0.927 1.918±0.330 t=1.229 0.222
    血红蛋白(g/L) 121.500(110.000~135.700) 120.500(103.500~131.500) Z=-0.551 0.582
    肌酐(μmol/L) 79.000(64.225~102.500) 78.500(61.825~108.050) Z=0.099 0.921
    血清钠(mmol/L) 134.614±5.044 133.488±4.582 t=1.011 0.315
    血清钾(mmol/L) 3.780(3.508~4.128) 3.885(3.453~4.378) Z=0.712 0.460
    血清磷(mmol/L) 0.280(0.200~0.520) 0.515(0.250~0.723) Z=1.884 0.060
    APRI 13.575(5.675~27.343) 14.325(6.045~38.193) Z=0.378 0.705
    FIB-4 18.360(9.603~31.123) 24.130(11.355~42.863) Z=1.138 0.255
    MELD评分 24.625±7.116 24.215±5.960 t=0.265 0.792
    COSSH-ACLFⅡ评分 7.927±1.073 8.102±1.093 t=-0.722 0.472
    肝性脑病[例(%)] 30(37.500) 12(46.154) χ2=0.614 0.433
    腹水[例(%)] 75(93.750) 24(92.308) χ2=0.066 0.797
    上消化道出血[例(%)] 6(7.500) 1(3.846) χ2=0.425 0.515
    肝性脑病分级[例(%)] χ2=2.124 0.346
    51(63.750) 13(50.000)
    1~2级 21(26.250) 8(30.769)
    3~4级 8(10.000) 5(19.231)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  老年HBV-ACLF患者90天预后Logistic回归分析

    Table  4.   Logistic regression analysis of 90-day prognosis in elderly HBV-ACLF patients

    指标 单因素Logistic分析 多因素Logistic分析
    β OR(95%CI) P β OR(95%CI) P
    白细胞(×109/L) 0.079 1.082(0.951~1.232) 0.232
    血小板(×109/L) -0.021 0.979(0.965~0.994) 0.006 -0.032 0.968(0.945~0.993) 0.011
    中性粒细胞(×109/L) 0.081 1.084(0.942~1.248) 0.258
    淋巴细胞(×109/L) 0.066 1.068(0.483~2.363) 0.871
    单核细胞(×109/L) 1.672 5.324(1.037~27.340) 0.045 3.163 23.636(1.388~402.529) 0.029
    TBil(μmol/L) 0.008 1.008(1.003~1.013) 0.001 0.007 1.007(1.001~1.013) 0.020
    ALT(U/L) 0.001 1.000(0.999~1.001) 0.809
    AST(U/L) 0.001 1.000(0.999~1.001) 0.647
    GGT(U/L) -0.003 0.997(0.993~1.001) 0.104
    总胆汁酸(μmol/L) 0.004 1.004(0.998~1.009) 0.182
    白蛋白(g/L) 0.005 1.005(0.894~1.130) 0.931
    前白蛋白(mg/L) -0.015 0.985(0.966~1.005) 0.140
    总胆固醇(mmol/L) -1.34 0.262(0.119~0.577) 0.001
    HDL-C(mmol/L) -3.454 0.032(0.003~0.383) 0.007
    AFP(ng/mL) -0.002 0.998(0.996~1.001) 0.201
    INR 3.179 24.029(4.055~142.377) <0.001 2.429 11.351(1.942~66.362) 0.007
    血红蛋白(g/L) 0.008 1.008(0.984~1.032) 0.515
    肌酐(μmol/L) 0.013 1.013(0.998~1.029) 0.079
    血清钠(mmol/L) -0.194 0.824(0.723~0.938) 0.003
    血钾(mmol/L) 0.714 2.042(0.846~4.928) 0.112
    血磷(mmol/L) 0.853 2.346(0.488~11.268) 0.287
    肝性脑病[例(%)] 1.952 7.042(2.142~23.145) 0.001
    下载: 导出CSV
    指标 生存组(n=41) 死亡或移植组(n=65) 统计值 P
    血清钠(mmol/L) 136.588±3.510 132.919±5.197 t=3.981 <0.001
    血钾(mmol/L) 3.720(3.440~4.060) 3.890(3.550~4.215) Z=1.048 0.295
    血磷(mmol/L) 0.310(0.215~0.560) 0.300(0.195~0.700) Z=0.136 0.872
    APRI 10.205(4.855~27.389) 16.765(6.905~31.566) Z=1.268 0.205
    FIB-4 16.917(8.513~29.942) 21.098(11.827~34.941) Z=1.703 0.089
    MELD评分 20.734±4.164 26.915±7.113 t=-5.041 <0.001
    COSSH-ACLFⅡ评分 7.337±0.560 8.370±1.132 t=-5.431 <0.001
    腹水[例(%)] 36(87.805) 63(96.923) χ2=2.072 0.150
    上消化道出血[例(%)] 2(4.878) 5(7.692) χ2=0.028 0.868
    肝性脑病[例(%)] 6(14.634) 36(55.385) χ2=17.452 <0.001
    肝性脑病分级[例(%)] χ2=19.072 <0.001
    35(85.366) 29(44.615)
    1~2级 6(14.634) 23(35.385)
    3~4级 0(0.000) 13(20.000)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  列线图与其他模型对老年HBV-ACLF患者预后的预测价值比较

    Table  5.   Comparison of the predictive value of TIPM and other models in elderly HBV-ACLF patients

    评分模型 AUC 截断值 敏感度 特异度 95%CI P
    列线图 0.915 0.597 0.880 0.867 0.849~0.980 <0.001
    MELD评分 0.825 25.015 0.560 0.967 0.735~0.914 <0.001
    COSSH-ACLFⅡ评分 0.853 7.725 0.680 0.900 0.771~0.935 <0.001
    TACIA评分 0.580 5.535 0.840 0.400 0.443~0.717 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] LI X, ZHANG L, PU CM, et al. Liver transplantation in acute-on-chronic liver failure: Timing of transplantation and selection of patient population[J]. Front Med(Lausanne), 2022, 9: 1030336. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1030336.
    [2] Hepatology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Infectious Diseases Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B(version 2022)[J]. Chin J Infect Dis, 2023, 41( 1): 3- 28. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn311365-20230220-00050.

    中华医学会肝病学分会, 中华医学会感染病学分会. 慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2022年版)[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 2023, 41( 1): 3- 28. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn311365-20230220-00050.
    [3] LIU L, HAN T, CAI JJ, et al. Clinical characteristics and progression risk factors for hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure in elderly patients[J]. Chin J Geriatr, 2022, 41( 1): 51- 56. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-9026.2022.01.011.

    刘磊, 韩涛, 蔡均均, 等. 老年乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者临床特点及进展危险因素分析[J]. 中华老年医学杂志, 2022, 41( 1): 51- 56. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-9026.2022.01.011.
    [4] WANG X, ZHAO M, ZHANG C, et al. Establishment and clinical application of the nomogram related to risk or prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review[J]. J Hepatocell Carcinoma, 2023, 10: 1389- 1398. DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s417123.
    [5] ZHANG LJ, TANG L, CHEN SY, et al. A nomogram for predicting the 4-year risk of chronic kidney disease among Chinese elderly adults[J]. Int Urol Nephrol, 2023, 55( 6): 1609- 1617. DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03470-y.
    [6] CAI ZM, LIN HM, LI ZX, et al. A prediction nomogram for postoperative gastroparesis syndrome in right colon cancer: A retrospective study[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2023, 408( 1): 148. DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02885-6.
    [7] Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of liver failure(2018)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2019, 35( 1): 38- 44. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.01.007.

    中华医学会感染病学分会肝衰竭与人工肝学组, 中华医学会肝病学分会重型肝病与人工肝学组. 肝衰竭诊治指南(2018年版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35( 1): 38- 44. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.01.007.
    [8] ZHAO RH, SHI Y, ZHAO H, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure in chronic hepatitis B: An update[J]. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 12( 4): 341- 350. DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1426459.
    [9] KAKISAKA K, KATAOKA K, ONODERA M, et al. Alpha-fetoprotein: A biomarker for the recruitment of progenitor cells in the liver in patients with acute liver injury or failure[J]. Hepatol Res, 2015, 45( 10): E12- E20. DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12448.
    [10] WANG XP, SHEN CF, YANG JJ, et al. Alpha-fetoprotein as a predictive marker for patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 2018: 1232785. DOI: 10.1155/2018/1232785.
    [11] QIN S, TANG SH, WANG XH, et al. Value of serum alpha-fetoprotein for the prognostic evaluation of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure treated with artificial liver[J]. Chin J Hepatol, 2020, 28( 1): 69- 72. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2020.01.016.

    秦森, 汤善宏, 王显红, 等. 血清甲胎蛋白在人工肝治疗乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭预后评估中的价值[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2020, 28( 1): 69- 72. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2020.01.016.
    [12] HOARE M, DAS T, Ageing ALEXANDER G., telomeres, senescence, and injury liver[J]. J Hepatol, 2010, 53( 5): 950- 961. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.009.
    [13] TANG CL, CHEN H, JIANG L, et al. Liver regeneration: Changes in oxidative stress, immune system, cytokines, and epigenetic modifications associated with aging[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2022, 2022: 9018811. DOI: 10.1155/2022/9018811.
    [14] ALLAIRE M, GILGENKRANTZ H. The aged liver: Beyond cellular senescence[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2020, 44( 1): 6- 11. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.07.011.
    [15] KAMATH PS, WIESNER RH, MALINCHOC M, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease[J]. Hepatology, 2001, 33( 2): 464- 470. DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.22172.
    [16] LI JQ, LIANG X, YOU SL, et al. Development and validation of a new prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Hepatol, 2021, 75( 5): 1104- 1115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.05.026.
    [17] MITCHELL O, FELDMAN DM, DIAKOW M, et al. The pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease[J]. Hepat Med, 2016, 8: 39- 50. DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S74612.
    [18] XU XW, HOU ZH, XU YY, et al. The dynamic of platelet count as a novel and valuable predictor for 90-day survival of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2021, 45( 2): 101482. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.06.008.
    [19] TU Y, LI X, CHEN MJ, et al. Value of platelet count and related scoring models in predicting the prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39( 6): 1308- 1312. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.06.009.

    涂颖, 李雪, 陈美娟, 等. 血小板计数及相关评分模型对HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭预后的预测价值[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2023, 39( 6): 1308- 1312. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.06.009.
    [20] ZACCHERINI G, WEISS E, MOREAU R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Definitions, pathophysiology and principles of treatment[J]. JHEP Rep, 2021, 3( 1): 100176. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100176.
    [21] JALAN R, SALIBA F, PAVESI M, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic score to predict mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 61( 5): 1038- 1047. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.06.012.
    [22] TRIANTAFYLLOU E, WOOLLARD KJ, MCPHAIL MJW, et al. The role of monocytes and macrophages in acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Front Immunol, 2018, 9: 2948. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02948.
  • 加载中
图(5) / 表(6)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  17
  • HTML全文浏览量:  8
  • PDF下载量:  2
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-01-19
  • 录用日期:  2024-02-18
  • 出版日期:  2024-10-25
  • 分享
  • 用微信扫码二维码

    分享至好友和朋友圈

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回