2018—2023年中药复方治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的随机对照试验质量评价
DOI: 10.12449/JCH241210
Quality assessment of randomized controlled trials of compound traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in 2018—2023
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摘要:
目的 评价中药复方治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)随机对照试验(RCT)的研究质量,为规范该领域RCT的研究设计和报告提出建议。 方法 系统检索2018年1月1日—2023年12月31日PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普和万方等数据库发表的中药复方干预NASH的RCT相关文献,参照Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具(RoB 2.0)和临床试验报告统一标准CONSORT 2010及针对中药复方CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017扩展版分别对文献进行筛选评价及分析讨论。 结果 本研究最终纳入文献45篇,大部分研究被RoB 2.0评为高风险偏倚。根据CONSORT对照检查清单发现大部分关于RCT研究质量的关键条目报告率较低。 结论 近6年中药复方治疗NASH的临床研究偏倚风险较大,报告质量较差,从而可能造成证据质量不高,提示在挖掘中医药优势的同时更应注重临床研究的顶层设计,提高研究质量。 -
关键词:
- 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 /
- 中草药 /
- 复方 /
- 随机对照试验(主题)
Abstract:Objective To assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of compound traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and to provide recommendations for standardizing the design and reporting of RCTs in this field. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched for RCTs of compound TCM prescriptions in the treatment of NASH published from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2023, and the articles were screened and assessed based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool (RoB 2), the unified standard for clinical trial reporting (CONSORT 2010), and CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017 for compound TCM prescriptions. Results A total of 45 articles were finally included, and most of these studies were rated as high-risk bias by RoB 2.0. The analysis based on the CONSORT control checklist showed a relatively low reporting rate for most of the key items regarding the quality of RCT studies. Conclusion A relatively large risk of bias is observed in the clinical studies on compound TCM prescriptions in the treatment of NASH published in the past six years, which may lead to the poor quality of reporting and evidence. It is suggested that the top-level design of clinical studies should be taken seriously in addition to investigating the advantages of TCM, so as to improve the quality of clinical studies. -
表 1 纳入文献的基本特征
Table 1. Basic characteristics of the included literature
项目 文献篇数(%) 发表时间 2018年 15(33.33) 2019年 6(13.33) 2020年 9(20.00) 2021年 10(22.22) 2022年 3(6.67) 2023年 2(4.44) 样本量 ≥30~60例 35(77.78) ≥60~90例 9(20.00) ≥90例 1(2.22) 干预措施 中药汤剂 32(71.11) 中药颗粒 11(24.44) 中药胶囊 2(4.44) 疗程 <3个月 5(11.11) 3~6个月 32(71.11) ≥6个月 8(17.78) 表 2 基于CONSORT 2010原条目评价纳入RCT报告质量结果
Table 2. RCT reported quality results was evaluated based on the original CONSORT 2010 checklist
论文部分 条目 条目内容 报告篇数(%) 标题和摘要 1a 通过文题能够识别是随机临床试验 1(2.22) 1b 结构式摘要,包括试验设计、方法、结果、结论4个部分 45(100.00) 前言 背景 2a 科学背景和对试验理由的解释 43(95.56) 目的 2b 具体目的或假设 44(97.78) 方法 试验方案 3a 描述试验设计(诸如平行设计、析因设计),包括受试者分配至各组的比例 1(2.22) 3b 试验开始后对试验方法所作的重要改变(如合格受试者的挑选标准),并说明原因 0(0.00) 受试者 4a 受试者的合格标准 45(100.00) 4b 资料收集的场所和地点 45(100.00) 干预措施 5 详细描述各组干预措施的细节以使他人能够重复,包括实际上是在何时、如何实施的 45(100.00) 结局指标 6a 完整而确切地说明预先设定的主要和次要结局指标,包括是何时、如何测评的 45(100.00) 6b 试验开始后对结局指标是否有任何更改,并说明原因 0(0.00) 样本量 7a 如何确定样本量 0(0.00) 7b 必要时,解释中期分析和试验中止原则 0(0.00) 序列产生 8a 产生随机分配序列的方法 31(68.89) 8b 随机方法的类型,任何限定的细节(如何分区组和各区组样本量多少) 2(4.44) 分配隐藏机制 9 用于执行随机分配序列的机制(如按顺序编码的封藏法),描述干预措施分配之前为隐藏序列号所采取的步骤 1(2.22) 实施者 10 明确试验各步骤实施者身份 1(2.22) 盲法 11a 若实施了盲法,描述分配干预措施后对谁设盲(如受试者、干预实施者、结局评估者),以及盲法是如何实施的 1(2.22) 11b 如有必要,描述干预措施的相似之处 0(0.00) 统计学方法 12a 用于比较各组主要和次要结局指标的统计学方法 45(100.00) 12b 附加的分析方法,诸如亚组分析和校正分析 0(0.00) 结果 受试者流程 13a 随机分配到各组的受试者例数,接受已知分配治疗的例数,纳入主要结局分析的例数 45(100.00) 13b 随机分组后,各组脱落和被剔除的例数,并说明原因 5(11.11) 招募受试者 14a 招募期和随访时间的长短,并说明具体日期 0(0.00) 14b 试验中断或停止的原因 0(0.00) 基线资料 15 用表格呈现每组受试者的基线数据,包括人口学资料和临床特征 0(0.00) 纳入例数 16 描述各组纳入分析的受试者数目(分母),以及是否按最初的分组进行分析 45(100.00) 结果和估计值 17a 各组每一项主要和次要结局指标的结果,效应估计值,及其精确性(如95%可信区间) 45(100.00) 17b 对于二分类结局,建议同时提供相对效应值和绝对效应值 0(0.00) 辅助分析 18 各组出现的所有严重危害或意外效应 0(0.00) 危害 19 各组产生的不良反应,或意外效应 7(15.56) 讨论 局限性 20 试验的局限性,报告潜在偏倚和不精确的原因,以及出现多种分析结果的原因 0(0.00) 可推广性 21 试验结果被推广的可能性(外部可靠性,实用性) 17(37.78) 解释 22 与结果相对应的解释,权衡试验结果的利弊,并且考虑其他相关证据 0(0.00) 其他信息 试验注册 23 临床试验注册号和注册机构名称 0(0.00) 试验方案 24 可能的话,告知从何处获取完整的试验方案 0(0.00) 资助 25 资助和其他支持(如提供药品)的来源,提供资助者所起的作用 24(53.33) 表 3 基于CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017扩展版评价纳入RCT报告质量结果
Table 3. The RCT reporting quality results were included based on the CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017 extension version evaluation
论文部分 条目 条目内容 报告篇数(%) 标题和摘要 1a 说明中药临床试验是针对某个中医证型、某个西医定义的疾病或某个具有特定中医证型的西医定义的疾病(如适用) 45(100.00) 1b 说明复方的名称、剂型及所针对的中医证型(如适用) 20(44.44) 1c 确定适当的关键词,包括“中药复方”和“随机对照试验” 21(46.67) 前言 背景 2a 基于生物医学理论和/或传统中医学理论的解释 36(80.00) 目的 2b 说明中药临床试验是针对某个中医证型、某个西医定义的疾病或某个具有特定中医证型的西医定义的疾病(如适用) 14(31.11) 方法 受试者 4a 若招募特定中医证型的受试者,应详细说明其诊断标准、纳入和排除标准。需使用公认的诊断标准,或提供参考出处,使读者能够详细查阅解释 41(91.11) 干预措施 5 不同类型的中药复方,包括不同的报告细节 0(0.00) 结局指标 6a 详细报告与中医证候相关的结局指标 34(75.56) 讨论 可推广性 21 讨论中药复方对不同中医证候和疾病的作用 4(8.89) 解释 22 以传统中医学理论作解释 44(97.78) -
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