改良白蛋白-胆红素分级对经导管动脉化疗栓塞术联合免疫及抗血管生成药物治疗的Child-Pugh A级不可切除肝细胞癌患者预后的预测价值
DOI: 10.12449/JCH241215
Value of modified albumin-bilirubin grade in predicting the prognosis of patients with Child-Pugh class A unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs
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摘要:
目的 研究改良白蛋白-胆红素分级(mALBI分级)对经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合免疫及抗血管生成药物治疗(以下简称靶免治疗)的Child-Pugh A级的不可切除肝细胞癌患者预后的评估价值。 方法 回顾性分析2020年1月—2023年1月在苏州大学附属第一医院和温州医科大学附属第五医院符合纳排标准的76例接受TACE联合靶免治疗的Child-Pugh A级不可切除肝细胞癌患者的资料,根据mALBI分级将其分为mALBI 1/2a组(n=38)和2b组(n=38)。主要研究终点为总生存期(OS),次要研究结局为无进展生存期(PFS)、客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)。评估标准包括完全缓解、部分缓解、疾病稳定以及疾病进展。符合正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用成组t检验,不符合正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验比较组间中位生存期(mOS)和中位无进展生存期(mPFS)。采用单因素和多因素Cox比例风险模型分析影响患者预后的因素。 结果 2组患者的Alb水平、肿瘤负荷情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。76例患者的mOS为25.2(95%CI:18.4~32.0)个月,mPFS为9.4(95%CI:7.1~11.7)个月,ORR为63.2%,DCR为82.9%。其中mALBI 1/2a组和2b组患者mOS分别为30.1(95%CI:19.8~40.4)个月和19.5(95%CI:7.1~31.9)个月,两组mOS差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.490,P=0.034)。mALBI 1/2a组和2b组患者mPFS分别为10.2(95%CI:8.4~12.0)个月和7.6(95%CI:4.6~10.6)个月,ORR分别为71.1%和55.3%,DCR分别为86.8%和78.9%,mPFS、ORR和DCR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。ECOG评分、肿瘤负荷、mALBI分级、门静脉侵犯和肝外转移是影响TACE联合靶免治疗患者mOS的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。没有发生与治疗相关的死亡。 结论 mALBI分级对预测TACE联合靶免治疗的Child-Pugh A级不可切除肝细胞癌患者的生存有较好的预测价值。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the ability of the modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade in predicting the prognosis of patients with Child-Pugh A unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs (hereafter referred to as targeted immunotherapy). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 76 patients with Child-Pugh A uHCC who met the inclusion criteria and underwent TACE combined with targeted immunotherapy in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2020 to January 2023, and according to the mALBI grade, they were divided into mALBI 1/2a group with 38 patients and mALBI 2b group with 38 patients. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). Evaluation criteria included complete remission, partial remission, stable disease, and progressive disease. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and the Log-rank test was used for comparison of median OS (mOS) and median PFS (mPFS) between groups. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the influencing factors for prognosis. Results There were significant differences in albumin and tumor burden between the two groups (both P<0.05). The 76 patients had an mOS of 25.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.4 — 32.0), an mPFS of 9.4 months (95%CI: 7.1 — 11.7), an ORR of 63.2%, and a DCR of 82.9%. The mOS was 30.1 months (95%CI: 19.8 — 40.4) in the mALBI 1/2a group and 19.5 months (95%CI: 7.1 — 31.9) in the mALBI 2b group, and there was a significant difference in mOS between the two groups (χ2=4.490, P=0.034). The mALBI 1/2a group had an mPFS of 10.2 months (95%CI: 8.4 — 12.0), an ORR of 71.1%, and a DCR of 86.8%, while the mALBI 2b group had an mPFS of 7.6 months (95%CI: 4.6 — 10.6), an ORR of 55.3%, and a DCR of 78.9%; there were no significant differences in mPFS, ORR, and DCR between the two groups (all P>0.05). ECOG status, tumor burden, mALBI grade, portal vein invasion, and extrahepatic metastasis were independent risk factors for mOS in patients undergoing TACE combined with targeted immunotherapy (all P<0.05). There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion The mALBI grade has a good value in predicting the survival of patients with Child-Pugh A uHCC undergoing TACE combined with targeted immunotherapy. -
Key words:
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular /
- Chemoembolization, Therapeutic /
- mALBI Grade
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表 1 两组患者基线临床资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical baseline data of study subjects
项目 全部(n=76) mALBI 1/2a组(n=38) mALBI 2b组(n=38) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 59.3±10.3 58.4±10.2 60.2±10.6 t=-0.719 0.475 性别[例(%)] χ2=0.106 0.744 男 65(85.5) 32(84.2) 33(86.8) 女 11(14.5) 6(15.8) 5(13.2) 病因[例(%)] χ2=1.056 0.304 病毒性肝炎 72(94.7) 35(92.1) 37(97.4) 其他 4(5.3) 3(7.9) 1(2.6) ECOG评分[例(%)] χ2=0.054 0.817 0分 33(43.4) 17(44.7) 16(42.1) 1分 43(56.6) 21(48.8) 22(57.9) 肝硬化[例(%)] χ2=0.350 0.554 有 62(81.6) 32(84.2) 30(78.9) 无 14(18.4) 6(15.8) 8(21.1) BCLC分期[例(%)] χ2<0.001 >0.05 B 24(31.6) 12(31.6) 12(31.6) C 52(68.4) 26(68.4) 26(68.4) 血管侵犯[例(%)] χ2=0.474 0.491 有 37(48.7) 17(44.7) 20(52.6) 无 39(51.3) 21(55.3) 18(47.4) 肝外转移[例(%)] χ2=2.921 0.087 有 25(32.9) 16(42.1) 9(23.7) 无 51(67.1) 22(28.9) 29(76.3) AFP[例(%)] χ2=1.339 0.247 ≥200 ng/mL 33(43.4) 14(36.8) 19(50.0) <200 ng/mL 43(56.6) 24(63.2) 19(50.0) 肿瘤负荷[例(%)] χ2=4.070 0.044 >7 61(80.3) 27(71.1) 34(89.5) ≤7 15(19.7) 11(28.9) 4(10.5) ALT(U/L) 31.2(20.1~48.8) 27.0(20.2~43.7) 35.6(16.9~49.9) Z=-0.675 0.449 AST(U/L) 38.1(28.8~57.2) 36.4(27.5~49.7) 41.6(28.9~57.4) Z=-0.545 0.585 PLT(×109/L) 130.5(100.0~178.0) 140.0(105.5~163.5) 120.5(94.5~182.3) Z=-0.592 0.554 WBC(×109/L) 5.0(3.8~6.6) 4.5(3.7~5.5) 5.5(3.8~7.3) Z=-1.714 0.086 Lym(×109/L) 1.1(0.8~1.4) 1.2(0.9~1.4) 1.0(0.7~1.5) Z=-0.972 0.331 Nep(×109/L) 3.2(2.2~4.3) 2.7(2.2~3.6) 3.8(2.2~5.1) Z=-1.865 0.062 Cr(μmol/L) 65.2±14.9 66.8±14.2 63.7±15.6 t=0.905 0.368 Alb(g/L) 35.9±4.9 39.8±3.0 32.1±3.1 t=11.058 <0.001 靶向治疗[例(%)] χ2=6.292 0.178 索拉非尼 19(25.0) 13(34.2) 6(15.8) 仑伐替尼 33(42.3) 17(44.7) 16(42.1) 多纳非尼 1(1.3) 0(0.0) 1(2.6) 阿帕替尼 14(17.9) 4(10.5) 10(26.3) 贝伐珠单抗 9(11.5) 4(10.5) 5(13.1) 免疫治疗[例(%)] χ2=1.556 0.459 阿替利珠单抗 4(5.1) 1(2.6) 3(7.9) 信迪利单抗 36(46.2) 20(52.6) 16(42.1) 卡瑞利珠单抗 36(46.2) 17(44.7) 19(50.0) 注:Lym,淋巴细胞;Nep,中性粒细胞。
表 2 单因素及多因素Cox回归分析
Table 2. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses
特征 单因素分析 多因素分析 HR 95%CI P值 HR 95%CI P值 性别(男 vs 女) 0.824 0.344~1.975 0.665 年龄(≥60岁 vs <60岁) 0.588 0.308~1.121 0.107 肝硬化(有 vs 无) 1.324 0.577~3.040 0.508 病毒性肝炎(是 vs 否) 0.655 0.199~2.159 0.487 ECOG评分(1分 vs 0分) 1.969 1.002~3.869 0.049 3.045 1.428~6.492 0.004 mALBI分级(≥2a vs <2a) 1.993 1.037~3.830 0.039 2.206 1.121~4.342 0.022 BCLC分期(B vs C) 0.693 0.484~0.993 0.045 0.417 0.105~1.660 0.214 ALT(U/L) 1.003 0.998~1.008 0.276 AST(U/L) 1.002 0.997~1.008 0.402 TBil(μmol/L) 1.012 0.972~1.054 0.562 Hb(g/L) 0.992 0.980~1.004 0.180 WBC(×109/L) 1.018 0.914~1.133 0.744 PLT(×109/L) 1.001 0.996~1.005 0.749 Nep(×109/L) 1.018 0.910~1.139 0.754 Lym(×109/L) 0.814 0.434~1.528 0.522 NLR 1.057 0.982~1.137 0.143 PLR 1.003 0.999~1.006 0.169 AFP(≥200 ng/mL vs <200 ng/mL) 1.217 0.640~2.313 0.549 肿瘤负荷(>7 vs ≤7) 3.095 1.094~8.753 0.033 3.734 1.245~11.193 0.019 血管侵犯(有 vs 无) 2.231 1.161~4.289 0.016 4.170 1.446~12.020 0.008 肝外转移(有 vs 无) 2.075 1.067~4.035 0.031 3.374 1.386~8.214 0.007 注:NLR,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值;PLR,血小板与淋巴细胞比值。
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