北京市体检人群代谢相关脂肪性肝病发生和消退的影响因素分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250715
Influence factors for the development and regression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A study based on the health check-up population in Beijing, China
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摘要:
目的 本研究拟调查体检人群中与代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)发生和消退相关的临床及代谢因素。 方法 纳入2013年12月—2019年12月北京市某体检机构的体检人群共6 809例进行回顾性观察研究,平均随访时间(52.1±13.5)个月。按照新版MAFLD诊断标准将体检人群分为MAFLD组和非MAFLD组,对比首次(基线)及末次体检各组之间的人口学指标、身体测量指标和实验室指标等。正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验;计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。采用Logistic回归分析研究各观察指标对MAFLD发生和消退的影响。 结果 基线时非MAFLD组为4 533例(66.6%),其中15.6%在末次体检时发生MAFLD,这些患者在基线时年龄较大(Z=-6.739),男性居多(χ2=178.534),体质量(Z=-22.302)、BMI(Z=-22.818)、腰围(Z=-23.117)、臀围(Z=-18.446)、收缩压(Z=-13.301)、舒张压(Z=-13.491)、空腹血糖(Z=-11.787)、TG(Z=-16.623)、LDL-C(Z=-10.256)、ALT(Z=-14.250)、AST(Z=-7.481)水平及代谢综合征(MetS)占比(χ2=185.283)明显高于未发生MAFLD人群,并且有更多的患者在末次体检时出现了体质量、腰围、臀围、TG、TC、ALT、AST的升高(P值均<0.05),这部分患者基线时HDL-C水平较低(Z=15.416),在末次体检时较基线下降的人数也更多(P值均<0.05)。基线时MAFLD组为2 276例(33.4%),其中23.8%在末次体检时出现MAFLD消退,这些患者在基线时年龄较小(Z=2.185),女性居多(χ2=20.340),体质量(Z=-8.909)、BMI(Z=-10.205)、腰围(Z=-11.183)、臀围(Z=-7.178)、收缩压(Z=-3.627)、舒张压(Z=-3.443)、TG(Z=-5.945)、ALT(Z=-9.664)、AST(Z=-5.904)水平及MetS占比(χ2=42.082)明显低于MAFLD未消退人群,并且有更多的患者在末次体检时出现了体质量、腰围、臀围、血压、TG、TC、ALT、AST的下降(P值均<0.05),这部分患者基线时HDL-C水平较高(Z=6.778),在末次体检时升高的人数也更多(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别及体检过程中体质量和HDL-C的变化与MAFLD的发生和消退独立相关(P值均<0.05)。 结论 北京市体检人群中MAFLD患病率较高,男性居多,代谢紊乱水平及肝功能异常更显著,其中体质量和HDL-C的变化是MAFLD发生和消退最重要的影响因素。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical and metabolic factors associated with the development and regression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the physical examination population. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted on 6 809 individuals who underwent physical examination in a physical examination institution in Beijing from December 2013 to December 2019, with a mean follow-up time of 52.1±13.5 months. According to the new diagnostic criteria for MAFLD, these individuals were divided into MAFLD group and non-MAFLD group, and the two groups were compared in terms of demographic indicators, body measurement indicators, and laboratory indicators at the first (baseline) and last physical examinations. The two-independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data. A Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of various observation indicators on the development and regression of MAFLD. Results In this study, there were 4 533 individuals (66.6%) in the non-MAFLD group at baseline, among whom 15.6% developed MAFLD at the last physical examination. Compared with the non-MAFLD population, the MAFLD population had significantly higher age (Z=-6.739), number of male patients (χ2=178.534), body weight (Z=-22.302), body mass index (BMI) (Z=-22.818), waist circumference (Z=-23.117), hip circumference (Z=-18.446), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Z=-13.301), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (Z=-13.491), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (Z=-11.787), triglyceride (TG) (Z=-16.623), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (Z=-10.256), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (Z=-14.250), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (Z=-7.481), and proportion of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline (χ2=185.283), and there were more patients with increases in body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, TG, TC, ALT, and AST at the final physical examination (all P<0.05); these patients had a lower level of HDL-C at baseline (Z=15.416), and there were more patients with a reduction at the last physical examination (P<0.05). There were 2 276 individuals (33.4%) in the MAFLD group at baseline, among whom 23.8% showed regression of MAFLD at the last physical examination. Compared with the population without regression of MAFLD, the population with regression of MAFLD had a significantly younger age (Z=2.185), a significantly higher number of female patients (χ2=0.340), significantly lower levels of body weight (Z=-8.909), BMI (Z=-10.205), waist circumference (Z=-11.183), hip circumference (Z=-7.178), SBP (Z=-3.627), DBP (Z=-3.443), TG (Z=-5.945), ALT (Z=-9.664), and AST (Z=-5.904), and a significantly lower proportion of patients with MetS (χ2=42.082), and there were more patients with reductions in body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, TG, TC, ALT, and AST at the final physical examination (all P<0.05); these patients had a higher level of HDL-C at baseline (Z=6.778), and there were more patients with an increase at the last physical examination (P<0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that sex and changes in body weight and HDL-C during physical examination were independently associated with the development and regression of MAFLD (all P<0.05). Conclusion There is a relatively high prevalence rate of MAFLD among the physical examination population in Beijing, with a higher proportion of male patients. There are significant metabolic disorders and liver function abnormalities, and changes in body weight and HDL-C are the most important predictive indicators for the development and regression of MAFLD. -
表 1 末次体检时发生MAFLD的患者基线特征
Table 1. Baseline characteristics associated with occurrence of MAFLD at the last health check-up
指标 发生MAFLD(n=706) 未发生MAFLD(n=3 827) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 37.0(29.0~48.0) 33.0(27.0~43.0) Z=-6.739 <0.001 男[例(%)] 471(66.7) 1 514(39.6) χ2=178.534 <0.001 体质量(kg) 72.0(65.0~79.0) 60.0(54.0~68.0) Z=-22.302 <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 25.1(23.3~26.6) 22.2(20.2~24.2) Z=-22.818 <0.001 腰围(cm) 85.0(79.0~90.0) 75.0(69.0~82.0) Z=-23.117 <0.001 臀围(cm) 100.0(96.0~104.0) 95.0(91.0~99.0) Z=-18.446 <0.001 腰臀比 0.85(0.81~0.89) 0.79(0.75~0.83) Z=-20.551 <0.001 SBP(mmHg) 120.0(110.0~130.0) 110.0(100.0~120.0) Z=-13.301 <0.001 DBP(mmHg) 80.0(70.0~86.0) 74.0(70.0~80.0) Z=-13.491 <0.001 FBG(mmol/L) 5.4(5.1~5.7) 5.1(4.9~5.4) Z=-11.787 <0.001 TG(mmol/L) 1.2(0.9~1.7) 0.8(0.6~1.2) Z=-16.623 <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 4.3(4.0~4.6) 4.2(3.8~4.7) Z=-1.106 0.435 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.8(2.4~3.3) 2.5(2.1~3.0) Z=-10.256 <0.001 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.2(1.1~1.4) 1.4(1.2~1.6) Z=15.416 <0.001 ALT(U/L) 19.1(14.0~27.9) 14.0(10.6~20.0) Z=-14.250 <0.001 AST(U/L) 18.0(15.0~22.0) 16.5(14.0~19.8) Z=-7.481 <0.001 MetS[例(%)] 173(24.5) 291(7.6) χ2=185.283 <0.001 注:SBP,收缩压;DBP,舒张压。
表 2 末次体检时发生MAFLD的患者临床及代谢指标的变化
Table 2. Changes in clinical and metabolic indicators associated with occurrence of MAFLD at the last health check-up
指标 发生MAFLD(n=706) 未发生MAFLD(n=3 827) 统计值 P值 体质量 变化量(kg) 2.9(0.5~5.9) 0.7(-1.3~2.9) Z=-15.353 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 127(18.0) 1 492(39.0) χ2=115.906 <0.001 腰围 变化量(cm) 3.0(-1.0~7.0) 0.0(-3.0~3.0) Z=-11.821 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 183(25.9) 1 662(43.4) χ2=75.697 <0.001 臀围 变化量(cm) 1.0(-2.0~4.0) 0.0(-3.0~2.0) Z=-7.661 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 253(35.8) 1 765(46.1) χ2=25.522 <0.001 SBP 变化量(mmHg) 4.0(-5.0~13.0) 4.0(-6.0~10.0) Z=-1.487 0.501 下降[例(%)] 218(30.9) 1 241(32.4) χ2=0.656 0.418 DBP 变化量(mmHg) 0.0(-6.0~10.0) 0.0(-8.0~6.0) Z=-1.056 0.082 下降[例(%)] 279(39.5) 1 623(42.4) χ2=2.045 0.153 FBG 变化量(mmol/L) -0.23(-0.83~0.24) -0.23(-0.82~0.18) Z=-0.225 0.822 下降[例(%)] 433(61.3) 2 419(63.2) χ2=0.900 0.343 TG 变化量(mmol/L) 0.29(-0.09~0.71) -0.05(-0.16~0.28) Z=-11.084 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 216(30.6) 1 619(42.3) χ2=33.921 <0.001 TC 变化量(mmol/L) 0.51(0.13~0.89) 0.11(-0.21~0.39) Z=-6.324 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 127(18.0) 1 730(45.2) χ2=123.044 <0.001 LDL-C 变化量(mmol/L) 0.15(-0.21~0.55) 0.13(-0.17~0.43) Z=-1.018 0.309 下降[例(%)] 275(39.0) 1 458(38.1) χ2=0.184 0.668 HDL-C 变化量(mmol/L) -0.09(-0.20~0.03) -0.01(-0.14~0.11) Z=9.234 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 473(67.0) 1 974(51.6) χ2=57.024 <0.001 ALT 变化量(U/L) 2.4(-3.5~10.0) -0.2(-4.6~3.3) Z=-8.531 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 264(37.4) 1 933(50.5) χ2=41.052 <0.001 AST 变化量(U/L) 1.0(-2.4~5.4) 0.0(-3.0~3.0) Z=-5.142 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 277(39.2) 1 777(46.4) χ2=12.463 <0.001 注:临床及代谢指标的变化量为末次体检数据与基线体检数据之差。
表 3 末次体检时发生MAFLD的患者特征
Table 3. Patient characteristics associated with occurrence of MAFLD at the last health check-up
指标 发生MAFLD(n=706) 未发生MAFLD(n=3 827) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 41.0(33.0~52.0) 36.0(30.0~46.0) Z=-8.099 <0.001 男[例(%)] 471(66.7) 1 514(39.6) χ2=178.534 <0.001 体质量(kg) 75.3(68.0~82.0) 61.0(53.0~69.0) Z=-26.346 <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 26.1(24.6~27.9) 22.4(20.5~24.4) Z=-28.886 <0.001 腰围(cm) 88.0(83.0~93.0) 75.0(69.0~82.0) Z=-28.863 <0.001 臀围(cm) 101.0(98.0~105.0) 95.0(91.0~99.0) Z=-24.700 <0.001 腰臀比 0.87(0.83~0.90) 0.79(0.75~0.84) Z=-25.116 <0.001 SBP(mmHg) 123.0(114.0~137.0) 114.0(106.0~124.0) Z=-15.138 <0.001 DBP(mmHg) 80.0(73.0~90.0) 73.0(68.0~80.0) Z=-14.607 <0.001 FBG(mmol/L) 5.1(4.5~5.6) 4.9(4.4~5.3) Z=-6.956 <0.001 TG(mmol/L) 1.6(1.2~2.1) 0.9(0.7~1.2) Z=-24.614 <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 4.9(4.4~5.3) 4.2(3.8~4.7) Z=-8.769 <0.001 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.9(2.5~3.5) 2.6(2.2~3.1) Z=-10.447 <0.001 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.1(1.0~1.3) 1.4(1.2~1.6) Z=20.898 <0.001 ALT(U/L) 22.0(16.0~33.6) 14.0(10.0~19.0) Z=-20.454 <0.001 AST(U/L) 19.0(16.0~24.0) 17.0(14.0~20.0) Z=-11.591 <0.001 MetS[例(%)] 196(42.2) 324(8.5) χ2=573.258 <0.001 表 4 末次体检时MAFLD消退的患者基线特征
Table 4. Patient baseline characteristics associated with regression of MAFLD at the last health check-up
指标 MAFLD消退(n=542) MAFLD未消退(n=1 734) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 39.0(31.0~51.0) 41.0(33.0~51.0) Z=2.185 0.029 男[例(%)] 363(67.0) 1 329(76.6) χ2=20.340 <0.001 体质量(kg) 75.0(67.0~83.0) 80.0(72.0~88.0) Z=-8.909 <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 26.1(24.5~27.8) 27.6(25.8~29.7) Z=-10.205 <0.001 腰围(cm) 88.0(82.0~94.0) 93.0(87.0~98.0) Z=-11.183 <0.001 臀围(cm) 102.0(98.0~106.0) 104.0(100.0~108.0) Z=-7.178 <0.001 腰臀比 0.865±0.002 0.892±0.001 t=-9.965 <0.001 SBP(mmHg) 120.0(110.0~136.0) 130.0(120.0~140.0) Z=-3.627 <0.001 DBP(mmHg) 80.0(79.0~90.0) 82.0(80.0~90.0) Z=-3.443 0.001 FBG(mmol/L) 5.5(5.1~5.9) 5.5(5.2~6.0) Z=-1.852 0.064 TG(mmol/L) 1.6(1.1~2.2) 1.8(1.3~2.6) Z=-5.945 <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 4.6(4.0~5.3) 4.7(4.2~5.2) Z=-1.243 0.611 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.9(2.5~3.4) 2.9(2.4~3.5) Z=-0.659 0.510 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.2(1.1~1.3) 1.0(1.0~1.2) Z=6.778 <0.001 ALT(U/L) 22.6(16.8~32.7) 30.0(20.6~45.2) Z=-9.664 <0.001 AST(U/L) 19.0(16.0~24.0) 21.0(17.0~27.0) Z=-5.904 <0.001 MetS[例(%)] 226(41.7) 999(57.6) χ2=42.082 <0.001 表 5 末次体检时MAFLD消退的患者临床及代谢指标的变化
Table 5. Changes in clinical and metabolic indicators associated with regression of MAFLD at the last health check-up
指标 MAFLD消退(n=542) MAFLD未消退(n=1 734) 统计值 P值 体质量 变化量(kg) -2.0(-5.0~0.2) 0.2(-2.0~2.7) Z=-13.042 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 378(69.7) 750(43.3) χ2=115.906 <0.001 腰围 变化量(cm) -2.0(-6.0~1.0) 0.0(-3.0~3.0) Z=-8.692 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 340(62.7) 791(45.6) χ2=48.376 <0.001 臀围 变化量(cm) -2.0(-5.0~1.0) -1.0(-4.0~2.0) Z=-6.267 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 356(65.7) 906(52.2) χ2=30.165 <0.001 SBP 变化量(mmHg) 0.0(-10.0~10.0) 2.0(-8.0~12.0) Z=-3.726 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 230(42.4) 575(33.2) χ2=15.540 <0.001 DBP 变化量(mmHg) 0.0(-10.0~5.0) 0.0(-9.0~8.0) Z=-3.449 0.001 下降[例(%)] 263(48.5) 746(43.0) χ2=5.065 0.024 FBG 变化量(mmol/L) -0.01(-0.02~0.02) 0.09(-0.11~0.25) Z=-0.823 0.057 下降[例(%)] 328(60.5) 1 033(59.6) χ2=0.866 0.459 TG 变化量(mmol/L) -0.2(-0.7~0.2) 0.1(-0.5~0.6) Z=-7.115 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 329(60.7) 796(45.9) χ2=36.163 <0.001 TC 变化量(mmol/L) 0.05(0.00~0.11) 0.15(0.01~0.23) Z=-6.449 0.037 下降[例(%)] 248(45.8) 744(42.9) χ2=18.771 0.044 LDL-C 变化量(mmol/L) 0.09(-0.02~0.16) 0.13(-0.22~0.36) Z=-2.028 0.422 下降[例(%)] 276(50.9) 867(50.0) χ2=1.164 0.617 HDL-C 变化量(mmol/L) 0.03(-0.19~0.15) -0.02(-0.12~0.07) Z=-6.267 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 231(42.6) 963(55.5) χ2=27.623 <0.001 ALT 变化量(U/L) -3.7(-11.1~0.6) -2.0(-11.2~6.0) Z=-4.415 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 387(71.4) 976(56.3) χ2=39.277 <0.001 AST 变化量(U/L) -1.0(-5.0~2.1) 0.0(-4.5~4.7) Z=-4.335 <0.001 下降[例(%)] 319(58.9) 822(47.4) χ2=21.659 <0.001 注:临床及代谢指标的变化量为末次体检数据与基线体检数据之差。
表 6 末次体检时MAFLD消退的患者特征
Table 6. Patient characteristics associated with regression of MAFLD at the last health check-up
指标 MAFLD消退(n=542) MAFLD未消退(n=1 734) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 43.0(35.0~54.0) 46.0(36.0~55.0) Z=2.556 0.011 男[例(%)] 363(67.0) 1 329(76.6) χ2=20.340 <0.001 体质量(kg) 73.0(64.4~80.0) 80.0(72.0~88.8) Z=-13.250 <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 25.3(23.6~27.0) 27.6(25.8~29.8) Z=-16.613 <0.001 腰围(cm) 86.0(80.0~91.0) 92.0(87.0~98.0) Z=-16.108 <0.001 臀围(cm) 100.0(96.0~103.0) 103.0(99.0~107.0) Z=-12.374 <0.001 腰臀比 0.86(0.82~0.90) 0.90(0.86~0.93) Z=-13.044 <0.001 SBP(mmHg) 123.0(116.0~135.0) 130.0(120.0~140.0) Z=-6.492 <0.001 DBP(mmHg) 80.0(73.0~89.0) 84.0(78.0~90.0) Z=-6.112 <0.001 FBG(mmol/L) 5.0(4.4~5.6) 5.2(4.7~5.8) Z=-5.477 <0.001 TG(mmol/L) 1.3(0.9~1.9) 1.9(1.3~2.6) Z=-12.769 <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 4.5(4.0~5.2) 4.7(4.3~5.1) Z=-8.243 <0.001 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.8(2.3~3.4) 3.0(2.4~3.5) Z=-2.515 0.012 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.2(1.1~1.4) 1.1(1.0~1.2) Z=9.552 <0.001 ALT(U/L) 18.0(13.1~25.0) 27.0(19.0~42.0) Z=-15.199 <0.001 AST(U/L) 18.0(15.0~21.0) 21.0(17.0~26.4) Z=-11.287 <0.001 MetS[例(%)] 174(32.1) 1 039(59.9) χ2=128.355 <0.001 表 7 MAFLD发生和消退的影响因素
Table 7. Influence factors that were associated with occurrence and regression of MAFLD
因素 OR SE Z值 95%CI P值 MAFLD发生 年龄 1.042 0.004 10.31 1.034~1.050 <0.001 女性 0.359 0.033 -11.21 0.300~0.429 <0.001 体质量变化量 1.154 0.018 9.22 1.119~1.190 <0.001 腰围变化量 1.024 0.011 2.16 1.002~1.046 0.031 TG变化量 1.252 0.075 3.76 1.114~1.407 <0.001 HDL-C变化量 0.403 0.093 -3.94 0.256~0.633 <0.001 ALT变化量 1.008 0.003 2.75 1.002~1.014 0.006 MAFLD消退 女性 0.703 0.080 -3.09 0.563~0.879 0.002 体质量变化量 1.167 0.016 10.98 1.135~1.200 <0.001 HDL-C变化量 0.335 0.104 -3.54 0.183~0.615 <0.001 -
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