中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者发生HBsAg清除的影响因素以及预测模型的构建

张映媛 许丹青 木唤 何愿强 王远珍 刘春云 李卫昆 牟春燕 刘立

引用本文:
Citation:

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者发生HBsAg清除的影响因素以及预测模型的构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH250810
基金项目: 

云南省科技计划项目 (2017FH001-088)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2024年1月31日经由昆明市第三人民医院伦理委员会审批,批号:KSLL2024013007,所纳入患者均签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:张映媛、刘立、牟春燕等负责课题设计;张映媛负责资料分析,撰写论文;牟春燕、许丹青负责文献查找及分析;木唤、何愿强、王远珍、刘春云、李卫昆参与收集分析数据;刘立负责拟定写作思路;张映媛、牟春燕负责修改论文并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    牟春燕, 784652835@qq.com (ORCID: 0009-0000-7301-3302)

    刘立, liuli197210@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-7712-4931)

Analysis of influencing factors and construction of predictive model for HBsAg clearance in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b

Research funding: 

Yunnan Province Science and Technology Plan Project (2017FH001-088)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者在接受聚乙二醇干扰素(PEG-IFN-α-2b)治疗后发生HBsAg清除的预测因素,比较不同特征下各指标对HBsAg清除率的影响,建立联合预测模型,并评估模型的诊断价值。  方法  收集2021年5月—2023年5月于昆明市第三人民医院就诊的HBeAg阴性的CHB患者,共125例,入组患者使用PEG-IFN-α-2b联合核苷(酸)类似物(NUC)治疗,疗程满48周,分为HBsAg清除组和HBsAg未清除组,分别观察患者一般资料和治疗中不同时间节点的血清学生化指标、病毒学指标。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,不同时间点比较采用多配对样本秩和检验的Friedman检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。Logistic回归分析筛选变量,建立多参数联合预测模型,采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价单个指标以及联合预测模型对HBsAg清除的诊断价值。  结果  两组患者治疗前基线HBsAg水平(Z=-3.997)和治疗经历(χ2=8.221)差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。治疗中WBC(χ2=104.944)、中性粒细胞(NEUT)(χ2=132.036)、PLT(χ2=162.881)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)(χ2=83.304)逐渐下降(P值均<0.05),ALT(χ2=157.618)、AFP(χ2=159.472)逐渐升高(P值均<0.05)。治疗48周时两组患者治疗经历(OR=0.232,95%CI:0.071~0.753)、HBsAg基线值(OR=13.423,95%CI:3.276~54.997)、HBsAg治疗12周较基线下降水平(OR=0.143,95%CI:0.040~0.515)、治疗过程中ALT最大值(OR=0.986,95%CI:0.980~0.993)、治疗过程中TSH最小值(OR=3.281,95%CI:1.413~7.619)是HBsAg清除的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05)。构建HBsAg清除的联合预测模型Y=-1.603-1.462×治疗经历+2.597×HBsAg基线值-1.944×HBsAg治疗12周较基线下降水平-0.014×治疗中ALT最大值+1.188×治疗中TSH最小值。单个指标预测HBsAg清除的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)从高到低依次为治疗中ALT最大值(AUC=0.824)、HBsAg基线值(AUC=0.727)、治疗中TSH最小值(AUC=0.707)、HBsAg治疗12周较基线下降水平(AUC=0.641)、治疗经历(AUC=0.636),而联合模型的预测价值更高(AUC=0.921);联合预测模型的诊断效能与单一指标比较,显著提升(P值均<0.05)。  结论  由HBsAg基线值、HBsAg治疗12周较基线下降水平、治疗中ALT最大值、治疗中TSH最小值等构建的联合预测模型对PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗HBeAg阴性的CHB患者48周发生HBsAg清除的预测价值较高,可为筛选适合治疗的患者和预测临床治愈提供参考。

     

  • 图  1  单个指标以及联合预测模型预测48周HBsAg清除的ROC曲线

    Figure  1.  ROC curves of individual indicators and combined predictive model for HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks

    表  1  125例 HBeAg 阴性 CHB 患者 PEG-IFN-α-2b 联合 NUC 治疗的基线特征

    Table  1.   Baseline characteristics of PEG-IFN-α-2b combined with NUC treatment in 127 HBeAg negative CHB patients

    指标 总计(n=125) 48周时HBsAg状态 统计值 P
    HBsAg清除组(n=37) HBsAg未清除组(n=88)
    性别[例(%)] χ2 =0.136 0.712
    88(70.40) 24(64.86) 54(61.36)
    37(29.60) 13(35.14) 34(38.64)
    年龄(岁) 34.07±12.46 35.59±13.50 33.42±12.02 t=0.885 0.378
    治疗经历[例(%)] χ2=8.221 0.004
    经治联合 47(37.60) 21(56.76) 26(29.55)
    初治联合 78(62.40) 16(43.24) 62(70.45)
    治疗方案[例(%)] χ2=2.765 0.429
    PEG-IFN-α-2b联合TEV 44(35.20) 9(24.32) 35(39.77)
    PEG-IFN-α-2b联合TMF 38(30.40) 13(35.14) 25(28.41)
    PEG-IFN-α-2b联合TDF 25(20.00) 9(24.32) 16(18.18)
    PEG-IFN-α-2b联合TAF 18(14.40) 6(16.22) 12(13.64)
    HBV DNA状态 χ2=2.637 0.104
    阳性 68(54.40) 16(43.24) 36(40.91)
    阴性 57(45.60) 21(56.76) 52(59.09)
    HBsAg (log10 IU/mL) 3.04(2.033.89) 1.94(0.783.33) 3.12(2.573.94) Z=-3.997 <0.001
    WBC (×109/L) 5.14±1.57 5.17±1.90 5.13±1.44 t=0.102 0.919
    NEUT(×109/L) 2.65(1.713.30) 2.31(1.513.27) 2.65(1.753.29) Z=-0.430 0.667
    Hb(g/L) 155.95±28.15 153.56±31.88 156.94±26.61 t=-0.605 0.546
    PLT(×1012/L) 212.00(159.50257.00) 221.00(167.00263.00) 211.00(164.25258.25) Z=-0.914 0.361
    TBil(μmol/L) 13.00(9.4519.20) 13.60(9.8019.40) 12.75(9.5517.83) Z=-0.357 0.721
    ALT(U/L) 46.00(23.00105.00) 49.00(23.00125.00) 43.00(22.2599.50) Z=-0.281 0.778
    TSH(μIU/mL) 2.67(2.163.87) 2.72(2.163.69) 2.62(2.154.15) Z=-0.327 0.744
    AFP(ng/mL) 2.80(2.141.05) 2.92(1.974.74) 2.78(2.113.89) Z=-0.149 0.882
    LSM(kPa) 6.37(4.808.95) 6.60(4.508.90) 6.20(4.709.30) Z=-0.008 0.994
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  HBeAg阴性CHB患者经PEG-IFN-α-2b联合NUC治疗前后生化指标的变化

    Table  2.   Changes of biochemical indexes of HBeAg negative CHB patients before and after PEG-IFN-α-2b combined with NUC treatment

    指标 基线 治疗12周 治疗24周 χ2 P
    WBC(×109/L) 5.16(4.215.94) 3.52(2.854.51)1) 3.25(2.614.33)1) 104.944 <0.001
    NEUT(×109/L) 2.65(1.713.30) 1.47(1.161.85)1) 1.05(0.821.51)1)2) 132.036 <0.001
    PLT(×1012/L) 212.0(159.50257.00) 132.00(99.00159.50)1) 98.00(80.00131.00)1)2) 162.881 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 46.00(23.00105.00) 52.00(39.5094.50) 100.00(61.00158.50)1)2) 157.618 <0.001
    TSH(μIU/mL) 2.67(2.163.87) 2.14(1.253.25) 1.59(0.892.26)1)2) 83.304 <0.001
    AFP(ng/mL) 2.80(2.144.05) 4.52(2.706.50)1) 8.16(5.3213.81)1)2) 159.472 <0.001

    注:与基线比较,1)P<0.05;与治疗12周比较,2)P<0.05。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析HBeAg阴性CHB患者治疗48周HBsAg清除的影响因素

    Table  3.   Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors on HBsAg clearance in HBeAg negative CHB patients after 48 weeks of treatment

    指标 单因素分析 多因素分析
    β P OR 95%CI β P OR 95%CI
    性别(男/女) -0.368 0.381 0.692 0.304~1.575
    年龄(岁) -0.014 0.375 0.986 0.956~1.017
    治疗经历(经治联合/初治联合) -1.141 0.005 0.320 0.144~0.708 -1.462 0.015 0.232 0.071~0.753
    HBV DNA状态(阴性/阳性) -0.640 0.107 0.527 0.243~1.147
    HBsAg基线值(log10 IU/mL) 0.743 <0.001 2.102 1.481~2.983 2.597 <0.001 13.423 3.276~54.997
    HBsAg 12周较基线下降水平(log10 IU/mL) 0.388 0.011 1.473 1.092~1.988 -1.944 0.003 0.143 0.040~0.515
    HBsAg 24周较基线下降水平(log10 IU/mL) 0.605 <0.001 1.832 1.317~2.548 0.370 0.135 1.447 0.892~2.349
    治疗中WBC最小值(×109/L) 0.186 0.346 1.204 0.818~1.772
    治疗中NEUT最小值(×109/L) 1.243 0.081 3.468 0.857~14.030
    治疗中PLT最小值(×1012/L) 0.010 0.108 1.010 0.998~1.022
    治疗中ALT最大值(U/L) -0.008 0.001 0.992 0.988~0.997 -0.014 <0.001 0.986 0.980~0.993
    治疗中TSH最小值(μIU/mL) 1.000 0.001 2.718 1.476~5.003 1.188 0.006 3.281 1.413~7.619
    治疗中AFP最大值(ng/mL) -0.032 0.071 0.968 0.935~1.003
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  单个指标以及联合预测模型诊断价值比较

    Table  4.   Comparison of diagnostic value between individual indicators and combined predictive model

    指标 AUC 截断值 约登指数 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 95%CI Z P
    治疗经历(经治联合/初治联合) 0.636 0.273 56.80 70.50 0.527~0.745 -5.794 <0.001
    HBsAg基线值(log10 IU/mL) 0.727 2.13 0.443 56.80 87.50 0.624~0.830 -3.766 <0.001
    HBsAg 12周较基线下降水平(log10 IU/mL) 0.641 1.81 0.348 56.80 75.00 0.535~0.748 -4.911 <0.001
    治疗中ALT最大值(U/L) 0.824 152.00 0.594 73.00 86.40 0.612~0.802 -2.077 0.006
    治疗中TSH最小值(μIU/mL) 0.707 1.26 0.427 75.50 67.00 0.612~0.802 -4.133 <0.001
    联合预测 0.921 0.758 83.80 92.00 0.866~0.975
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同特征下 HBsAg 的清除率比较

    Table  5.   Comparison of the HBsAg clearance rates in CHB patients with different characteristics

    指标 例数 HBsAg清除 HBsAg未清除 χ2 P
    治疗经历[例(%)] 8.221 0.004
    经治联合 47 21(44.68) 26(55.32)
    初治联合 78 16(20.51) 62(79.49)
    HBsAg基线值[例(%)] 26.787 <0.001
    ≤2.13 log10 IU/mL 32 21(65.63) 11(34.37)
    >2.13 log10 IU/mL 93 16(17.20) 77(82.80)
    HBsAg 治疗12周较基线下降水平[例(%)] 1.266 0.261
    ≥1.81 log10 IU/mL 82 27(32.93) 55(67.07)
    <1.81 log10 IU/mL 43 10(23.26) 33(76.74)
    治疗中‍ALT最大值[例(%)] 46.073 <0.001
    ≥152 U/L 40 28(70.00) 12(30.00)
    <152 U/L 85 9(10.59) 76(89.41)
    治疗中TSH最小值[例(%)] 18.112 <0.001
    ≤1.26 μIU/mL 58 28(48.28) 30(51.72)
    >1.26 μIU/mL 67 9(13.43) 58(86.57)
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] YANG XA, ZHANG K, XU QH, et al. Interferon add-on therapy increased clinical cure significantly for interferon-experienced chronic hepatitis B patients with low HBsAg[J]. Front Immunol, 2022, 13: 997608. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997608.
    [2] Chinese Society of Hepatology and Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association. The guideline of prevention and treatment for chronic hepatitis B: a 2015 update[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2015, 31( 12): 1941- 1960. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2015.12.002.

    中华医学会肝病学分会, 中华医学会感染病学分会. 慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2015年更新版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2015, 31( 12): 1941- 1960. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2015.12.002.
    [3] Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B(version 2022)[J]. J Prac Hepatol, 2023, 26( 3): Suppl. 1- 22. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2023.040.

    中华医学会肝病学分会, 中华医学会感染病学分会. 慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2022年版)[J]. 实用肝脏病杂志, 2023, 26( 3): 后插1-后插 22. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2023.03.040.
    [4] OGUNNAIKE M, DAS S, RAUT SS, et al. Chronic hepatitis B infection: New approaches towards cure[J]. Biomolecules, 2023, 13( 8): 1208. DOI: 10.3390/biom13081208.
    [5] YAN Y, CHANTSALMAA D, LYU CY, et al. Predictive value of baseline serum marker levels for the effect of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. J Sichuan Univ Med Sci, 2024, 55( 2): 383- 390. DOI: 10.12182/20240360105.

    阎岩, Chantsalmaa Davgadorj, 吕春燕, 等. 慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清标志物基线水平对干扰素治疗效果的预测价值[J]. 四川大学学报(医学版), 2024, 55( 2): 383- 390. DOI: 10.12182/20240360105.
    [6] ZHANG WH, ZHANG DZ, DOU XG, et al. Consensus on pegylated interferon alpha in treatment of chronic hepatitis B[J]. Chin J Hepatol, 2017, 25( 9): 678- 686. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.09.007.

    张文宏, 张大志, 窦晓光, 等. 聚乙二醇干扰素α治疗慢性乙型肝炎专家共识[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2017, 25( 9): 678- 686. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.09.007.
    [7] LI YP, LIU CR, HE L, et al. Hepatitis B cure: Current situation and prospects[J]. World J Hepatol, 2024, 16( 6): 900- 911. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i6.900.
    [8] FARAG MS, van CAMPENHOUT MJH, SONNEVELD MJ, et al. Addition of PEG-interferon to long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy enhances HBsAg decline and clearance in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B: Multicentre Randomized Trial(PAS Study)[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2024, 31( 4): 197- 207. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13918.
    [9] WU FP, YANG Y, LI M, et al. Add-on pegylated interferon augments hepatitis B surface antigen clearance vs continuous nucleos(t)ide analog monotherapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B surface antigen≤1 500 IU/mL: An observational study[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2020, 26( 13): 1525- 1539. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i13.1525.
    [10] LI K, NING HB, JIN HM, et al. Effect of pegylated interferon α-2b on serum HBsAg clearance rate in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39( 8): 1819- 1824. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.08.009.

    李宽, 宁会彬, 靳慧鸣, 等. 聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBsAg清除率的效果分析[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2023, 39( 8): 1819- 1824. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.08.009.
    [11] WANG JL, XI DY, YAN XB, et al. Predictors of HBsAg clearance in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b and the construction of a nomogram model[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39( 12): 2809- 2816. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.12.010.

    王佳露, 席德扬, 颜学兵, 等. 聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者实现HBsAg清除的预测因素及列线图构建[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2023, 39( 12): 2809- 2816. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.12.010.
    [12] ZANG HY, LI WN, LIU SS, et al. Predictive factors for functional cure after sequential therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues and pegylated interferon Alfa-2b in treatment of chronic hepatitis B[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39( 2): 299- 306. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.02.008.

    臧海洋, 李伟娜, 刘守胜, 等. 核苷(酸)类似物序贯派格宾治疗慢性乙型肝炎实现功能性治愈的预测因素[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2023, 39( 2): 299- 306. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.02.008.
    [13] HE XJ, LONG YZ, ZHOU J, et al. Serum hepatitis B virus RNA monitoring pegylated interferon therapy nucleos(t) ide analogues in the treatment of low viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B curative effect[J]. Clin J Med Offic, 2023, 51( 10): 1091- 1095. DOI: 10.16680/j.1671-3826.2023.10.27.

    贺潇瑾, 龙云铸, 周娟, 等. 血清乙型肝炎病毒RNA监测聚乙二醇干扰素治疗核苷(酸)类似物经治低病毒载量慢性乙型肝炎患者疗效[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2023, 51( 10): 1091- 1095. DOI: 10.16680/j.1671-3826.2023.10.27.
    [14] LI YY, YANG SQ, LI C, et al. Efficacy of short-term Peg-IFN α-2b treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients with ultra-low HBsAg levels: A retrospective cohort study[J]. Virol J, 2024, 21( 1): 231. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02512-w. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.02.008.
    [15] ZHONG WT, YAN LZ, ZHU YG, et al. A high functional cure rate was induced by pegylated interferon alpha-2b treatment in postpartum hepatitis B e antigen-negative women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: An exploratory study[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2024, 14: 1426960. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1426960.
    [16] IANNAZZO S, COCO B, BRUNETTO MR, et al. Individualized treatment of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B using pegylated interferon-α2a as first-line and week-12 HBV DNA/HBsAg stopping rule: A cost-effectiveness analysis[J]. Antivir Ther, 2013, 18( 4): 623- 633. DOI: 10.3851/IMP2555.
    [17] GU LL, HU R, DOU YM, et al. Predictors associated with functional cure in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b[J]. Chin Hepatol, 2023, 28( 3): 313- 319. DOI: 10.14000/j.cnki.issn.1008-1704.2023.03.014.

    顾琳琳, 胡瑞, 窦宇明, 等. 聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎实现临床治愈的预测因素分析[J]. 肝脏, 2023, 28( 3): 313- 319. DOI: 10.14000/j.cnki.issn.1008-1704.2023.03.014.
    [18] WONG D, LITTLEJOHN M, EDWARDS R, et al. ALT flares during nucleotide analogue therapy are associated with HBsAg loss in genotype A HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B[J]. Liver Int, 2018, 38( 10): 1760- 1769. DOI: 10.1111/liv.13716.
    [19] CHIEN RN, LIAW YF. Re-treatment for severe hepatitis flare in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B: An appraisal with combined HBsAg/ALT kinetics[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2020, 27( 5): 544- 547. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13253.
    [20] WU LL, GAO ZL. Predictive factors for HBsAg-negative seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B after antiviral therapy[J]. Chin J Hepatol, 2024, 32( 2): 186- 192. DOI: 10.3760/cm3.j.cn501113-20231213-00278.

    吴丽丽, 高志良. 抗病毒治疗后慢性乙型肝炎HBsAg阴转的预测因子[J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2024, 32( 2): 186- 192. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231213-00278.
    [21] TANG QQ, YE J, ZHANG YF, et al. Establishment of a multi-parameter prediction model for the functional cure of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferonα and decision process based on response-guided therapy strategy[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2023, 23( 1): 456. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08443-1.
    [22] MA ZX, QIN YL, JIA YD, et al. Thyroid dysfunction incidence and risk factors in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon alpha: A long-term follow-up study[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2022, 29( 6): 412- 419. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13667.
    [23] HUANG FT, LIN YM, RAO KM, et al. Effect of a—interferon in treating chronic hepatitis B on liver function,hepatitis B surface antigen and thyroid function[J]. Lab Med Clin, 2024, 21( 19): 2920- 2924. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9455.2024.19.0274.

    皇甫彤, 蔺咏梅, 饶珂萌, 等. α-干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎对患者肝功能、乙型肝炎表面抗原及甲状腺功能的影响[J]. 检验医学与临床, 2024, 21( 19): 2920- 2924. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9455.2024.19.0274.
    [24] MU H, XU DQ, LIU CY, et al. Relationship between HBsAg and TSH during interferon treatment in hepatitis B patients with low HBsAg level[J]. Chongqing Med J, 2024, 53( 18): 2826- 2829. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2024.18.020.

    木唤, 许丹青, 刘春云, 等. 低HBsAg水平乙型肝炎患者使用干扰素治疗期间HBsAg与TSH的关系[J]. 重庆医学, 2024, 53( 18): 2826- 2829. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2024.18.020.
  • 加载中
图(1) / 表(5)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  374
  • HTML全文浏览量:  116
  • PDF下载量:  103
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 录用日期:  2025-01-21
  • 出版日期:  2025-08-25
  • 分享
  • 用微信扫码二维码

    分享至好友和朋友圈

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回