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内镜下曲张静脉套扎术/组织胶注射术治疗肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张的安全性及术后出血的影响因素分析

贾璐瑶 曹宝盈 黄春明 谢飚 高洪波 李踔 黄清华

引用本文:
Citation:

内镜下曲张静脉套扎术/组织胶注射术治疗肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张的安全性及术后出血的影响因素分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260215
基金项目: 

广东省医学科研基金项目 (A2022491)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2025年7月11日经由广州医科大学附属市八医院伦理委员会审批,批号:K202516418,所纳入患者均签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:贾璐瑶负责统计,文章撰写和修改;曹宝盈、黄清华协助数据收集及统计;谢飚、高洪波、李踔负责文章审核;黄春明负责研究设计,文章修改和定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    黄春明, gz8hhcm@163.com (ORCID: 0009-0009-9272-5802)

Safety of endoscopic variceal ligation and endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection in treatment of esophagogastric varices in patients with liver cirrhosis and influencing factors for postoperative bleeding

Research funding: 

Medical Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (A2022491)

More Information
    Corresponding author: HUANG Chunming, gz8hhcm@163.com (ORCID: 0009-0009-9272-5802)
  • 摘要:   目的  分析内镜下曲张静脉套扎术(EVL)和内镜下组织胶注射术(ECI)治疗肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张术后5 d和2周内出血的影响因素,探讨血小板计数减少患者接受EVL/ECI的安全性。  方法  选取2018年1月—2023年12月于广州医科大学附属市八医院接受EVL/ECI治疗的489例肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张患者为研究对象,根据术后是否出血分为术后出血组和术后未出血组,分析术后5 d和2周出血的危险因素。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或连续校正χ2检验;通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)确定终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分的截断值。采用Logistic多因素回归分析术后出血的独立危险因素。  结果  血小板计数≥50×109/L患者(n=386)与血小板计数在25×109/L~49×109/L的患者(n=103)EVL/ECI术后5 d出血率(1.94% vs 2.85%,P=0.870)和术后2周出血率(2.91% vs 4.92%,P=0.544)比较,差异均无统计学意义。EVL/ECI术后5 d和2周的总体出血率分别是2.66%(13/489)和4.50%(22/489)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,MELD评分是EVL/ECI术后5 d出血[比值比(OR)=3.726,95%置信区间(CI):1.214~11.429,P=0.021]和术后2周出血的独立危险因素(OR=5.760,95%CI:1.779~18.651,P=0.003),血红蛋白是术后5 d(OR=0.972, 95%CI: 0.948~0.996,P=0.025)和术后2周(OR=0.976, 95%CI: 0.957~0.995,P=0.016)出血的保护因素,门静脉癌栓是术后2周出血的独立危险因素(OR=2.667,95%CI:1.000~7.117,P=0.050),血小板计数(25×109/L~49×109/L)不是术后出血的危险因素(P>0.05)。  结论  对于伴有三级血小板减少的肝病患者,EVL和ECI治疗安全性较好;MELD评分是术后5 d和2周出血的独立危险因素,血红蛋白为保护因素;门静脉癌栓是术后2周出血的独立危险因素。

     

  • 注: a,5 d;b,2周。MELD,终末期肝病模型;EVL,内镜下曲张静脉套扎术;ECI,内镜下组织胶注射术;ROC曲线,受试者操作特征曲线。

    图  1  MELD评分预测 EVL/ECI术后出血的ROC曲线

    Figure  1.  ROC curve of MELD scoring in predicting of bleeding after EVL/ECI

    表  1  EVL/ECI术后5 d出血组和未出血组的基线特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of baseline characteristics between bleeding group and non bleeding group after 5-day EVL/ECI

    项目 术后5 d出血组
    n=13)
    术后5 d未出血组
    n=476)
    统计值 P
    男性[例(%)] 12(92.3) 404(84.9) χ2=0.121 0.728
    年龄(岁) 51.54±9.33 53.09±10.66 t=-0.519 0.604
    肝硬化病因[例(%)] χ2=0.182 0.670
    HBV相关 9(69.2) 372(78.2)
    无HBV 4(30.8) 104(21.8)
    合并肝癌[例(%)] 6(46.2) 145(30.5) χ2=0.817 0.366
    门静脉血栓[例(%)] 1(7.7) 38(8.0) χ2=0.000 >0.05
    门静脉宽度(cm) 14(12~16) 13(12~14) Z=-1.730 0.080
    门静脉癌栓[例(%)] 5(30.8) 59(12.4) χ2=2.345 0.126
    内镜治疗方式[例(%)] χ2=1.318 0.251
    EVL 9(68.2) 404(84.9)
    EVL+ECI 4(30.8) 72(15.1)
    血小板计数(×109/L) 72(54~153) 77(52~116) Z=-0.373 0.709
    血小板计数[例(%)] χ2=0.027 0.870
    ≥50×109/L 11(84.6) 375(78.8)
    25×109/L~49×109/L 2(15.4) 101(21.2)
    HGB(g/L) 63(52~77) 87(65~111) Z=-2.640 0.008
    PTA(%) 55(49~68) 63(52~72) Z=-1.405 0.160
    INR 1.49(1.28~1.62) 1.35(1.21~1.58) Z=-1.357 0.175
    PT(s) 18.20(16.10~19.55) 16.7(15.4~18.8) Z=-1.388 0.165
    APTT(s) 42.10(39.35~58.15) 41.15(37.57~45.39) Z=-1.411 0.158
    TBil(μmol/L) 24.68(13.75~96.71) 22.48(14.87~37.90) Z=-0.787 0.431
    Alb(g/L) 31.85±5.52 32.95±5.58 t=-0.702 0.483
    MELD评分(分) 14.43(10.33~20.02) 10.90(8.93~3.63) Z=-2.410 0.016
    Child-Pugh评分(分) 8(7~10) 7(6~9) Z=-1.210 0.226

    注:EVL,内镜下曲张静脉套扎术;ECI,内镜下组织胶注射术;HBV,乙型肝炎病毒;HGB,血红蛋白; PTA,凝血酶原活动度;INR,国际标准化比值;PT,凝血酶原时间;APTT,活化部分凝血活酶时间;TBil,总胆红素;Alb,白蛋白;MELD,终末期肝病模型;Child-Pugh评分,蔡尔德-皮尤评分。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  EVL/ECI术后5 d出血的单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  2.   Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of bleeding 5-days after EVL/ECI

    影响因素 单因素分析 多因素分析
    OR(95%CI P B SE Wald OR(95%CI P
    HGB(g/L) 0.971(0.949~0.994) 0.015 -0.029 0.013 4.996 0.972(0.948~0.996) 0.025
    MELD评分>14.39分 4.278(1.407~13.009) 0.010 1.315 0.572 5.289 3.726(1.214~11.429) 0.021
    Child-Pugh评分(分) 1.186(0.931~1.511) 1.186
    PT(s) 1.075(0.966~1.195) 0.184
    APTT(s) 1.000(0.997~1.003) 0.983
    INR 1.689(0.749~3.810) 0.207
    血小板计数(25×109/L~49×109/L) 0.675(0.147~3.095) 0.613
    内镜治疗方式 2.494(0.748~8.315) 0.137
    门静脉癌栓 3.141(0.938~10.523) 0.063

    注:EVL,内镜下曲张静脉套扎术;ECI,内镜下组织胶注射术;HGB,血红蛋白;MELD,终末期肝病模型;Child-Pugh评分,蔡尔德-皮尤评分;PT,凝血酶原时间;APTT,活化部分凝血活酶时间;INR,国际标准化比值;OR,比值比;CI,置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  EVL/ECI术后2周出血的单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  3.   Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of bleeding 2-weeks after EVL/ECI

    影响因素 单因素分析 多因素分析
    OR(95%CI P B SE Wald OR(95%CI P
    HGB(g/L) 0.976(0.959~0.993) 0.006 -0.024 0.010 5.777 0.976(0.957~0.995) 0.016
    MELD评分>14.39分 4.919(2.046~11.825) <0.001 1.751 0.599 8.533 5.760(1.779~18.651) 0.003
    Child-Pugh评分(分) 1.280(1.062~1.542) 0.010
    PT(s) 1.092(1.004~1.187) 0.040
    APTT(s) 1.000(0.997~1.003) 0.926
    INR 1.909(0.984~3.702) 0.056
    血小板计数(25×109/L~49×109/L) 1.726(0.501~5.949) 0.388
    内镜治疗方式 1.304(0.428~3.970) 0.640
    门静脉癌栓 4.281(1.718~10.66) 0.002 0.981 0.501 3.837 2.667(1.000~7.117) 0.050

    注: EVL,内镜下曲张静脉套扎术;ECI,内镜下组织胶注射术;HGB,血红蛋白;MELD,终末期肝病模型;Child-Pugh评分,蔡尔德-皮尤评分;PT,凝血酶原时间;APTT,活化部分凝血活酶时间;INR,国际标准化比值;OR,比值比;CI,置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV
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