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氩氦刀冷冻消融联合靶向药物和程序性死亡受体1单抗治疗年龄>60岁不可切除肝细胞癌患者的效果及安全性分析

弓树娟 常秀娟 刘妍 纪冬 陈艳 何权威 杨永平

引用本文:
Citation:

氩氦刀冷冻消融联合靶向药物和程序性死亡受体1单抗治疗年龄>60岁不可切除肝细胞癌患者的效果及安全性分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260318
基金项目: 

首都临床特色诊疗技术研究及转化应用 (Z221100007422002)

利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:弓树娟负责研究数据的获取分析、解释过程以及论文起草;常秀娟、纪冬、陈艳、何权威负责修改文章内容;刘妍提供数据支持;杨永平设计研究思路。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    杨永平, yongpingyang@hotmail.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-8307-1095)

Safety and efficacy of argon-helium cryoablation combined with targeted therapy and anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma aged 60 years or older

Research funding: 

Research and Translational Application of Clinical Characteristic Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in the Capital (Z221100007422002)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  评估程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)单抗能否提高氩氦刀冷冻消融联合靶向药物治疗年龄>60岁不可切除肝细胞癌(uHCC)患者的疗效及安全性。  方法  回顾性分析2013年1月—2024年9月中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心收治的124例年龄>60岁中晚期uHCC患者临床资料。采用倾向性评分匹配后,氩氦刀冷冻消融联合靶向药物治疗(二联组)和氩氦刀冷冻消融联合靶向药物及PD-1单抗治疗(三联组)各57例。疗效评价指标包括客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、无进展生存期(PFS)、总生存期(OS)及不良事件发生率。计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,并运用Log-rank检验比较组间差异。Cox比例风险回归模型分析生存预后的影响因素。  结果  三联组患者的ORR显著高于二联组(59.6% vs29.8%,χ2=9.083,P=0.003),但DCR未见显著差异(87.7% vs77.2%,χ2=1.516,P=0.218);三联组患者中位PFS(9.1个月vs 4.8个月,χ2=7.813,P=0.005)及中位OS(26.1个月vs 13.6个月,χ2=14.199,P<0.001)均显著长于二联组。多因素Cox回归分析显示,三联治疗方案是PFS(风险比=0.52,95%置信区间:0.35~0.78,P=0.001)和OS(风险比=0.32,95%置信区间:0.20~0.51,P<0.001)的独立影响因素。两组治疗相关不良事件发生率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。  结论  氩氦刀冷冻消融联合靶向药物及PD-1单抗三联治疗可显著改善年龄>60岁uHCC患者的生存获益,且安全性可控。

     

  • 注: a,PSM前PFS比较;b,PSM后PFS比较;c,PSM前OS比较;d,PSM后OS比较;PSM,倾向性评分匹配;PFS,无进展生存期;OS,总生存期;HR,风险比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    图  1  两组患者PSM前后PFS与OS比较

    Figure  1.  Comparison of PFS and OS before and after PSM between the two groups of patients

    注: NLR,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值;PLR,血小板与淋巴细胞比值;LDH,乳酸脱氢酶;ALBI分级,白蛋白-胆红素分级;Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级。

    图  2  亚组分析

    Figure  2.  Subgroup analysis

    表  1  PSM前后基线特征

    Table  1.   Clinical features before and after PSM

    指标 PSM前 PSM后
    二联组
    n=67)
    三联组
    n=57)
    P SMD 二联组
    n=57)
    三联组
    n=57)
    P SMD
    年龄[例(%)] 0.525 0.152 0.832 0.080
    60~70岁 46(68.7) 43(75.4) 41(71.9) 43(75.4)
    ≥70岁 21(31.3) 14(24.6) 16(28.1) 14(24.6)
    男[例(%)] 52(77.6) 44(77.2) >0.05 0.010 43(75.4) 44(77.2) >0.05 0.041
    BMI(kg/m2 24.0(22.2~26.4) 23.4(21.7~25.6) 0.342 0.156 23.6(21.5~26.6) 23.4(21.7~25.6) 0.575 0.098
    糖尿病[例(%)] 8(11.9) 7(12.3) >0.05 0.010 7(12.3) 7(12.3) >0.05 <0.001
    病因[例(%)] 0.025 0.479 >0.05 0.086
    病毒性肝炎 55(82.1) 55(96.5) 54(94.7) 55(96.5)
    其他 12(17.9) 2(3.5) 3(5.3) 2(3.5)
    TBil(μmol/L) 17.4(11.9~24.5) 15.0(11.9~20.9) 0.492 0.187 17.4(11.5~21.7) 15.0(11.9~20.9) 0.624 0.161
    ALT(U/L) 35.0(19.5~131.5) 39.0(22.0~111.0) 0.731 0.049 36.0(20.0~118.0) 39.0(22.0~111.0) 0.894 0.075
    AST(U/L) 45.0(29.5~112.0) 37.0(28.0~67.0) 0.217 0.104 46.0(29.0~116.0) 37.0(28.0~67.0) 0.232 0.137
    PLT(×109/L) 120.0(86.5~144.0) 114.0(79.0~140.0) 0.521 0.107 119.0(83.0~140.0) 114.0(79.0~140.0) 0.861 0.014
    AFP≥400 ng/mL[例(%)] 23(34.3) 16(28.1) 0.580 0.135 21(36.8) 16(28.1) 0.424 0.188
    Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] >0.05 0.053 >0.05 0.059
    A级 61(91.0) 51(89.5) 52(91.2) 51(89.5)
    B级 6(9.0) 6(10.5) 5(8.8) 6(10.5)
    ECOG PS评分[例(%)] 0.599 0.128 0.453 0.176
    0分 36(53.7) 27(47.4) 32(56.1) 27(47.4)
    1分 31(46.3) 30(52.6) 25(43.9) 30(52.6)
    BCLC C期[例(%)] 46(68.7) 39(68.4) >0.05 0.005 39(68.4) 39(68.4) >0.05 <0.001
    肿瘤多发[例(%)] 49(73.1) 43(75.4) 0.931 0.053 45(78.9) 43(75.4) 0.823 0.084
    肿瘤最大直径(cm) 4.4(2.8~7.6) 4.7(3.0~7.6) 0.888 0.029 4.2(2.8~7.4) 4.7(3.0~7.6) 0.764 0.080
    肝外转移[例(%)] 17(25.4) 15(26.3) >0.05 0.022 13(22.8) 15(26.3) 0.828 0.082
    血管侵犯[例(%)] 37(55.2) 32(56.1) >0.05 0.018 31(54.4) 32(56.1) >0.05 0.035
    既往局部治疗[例(%)] 18(26.9) 19(33.3) 0.557 0.141 17(29.8) 19(33.3) 0.840 0.076

    注:PSM,倾向性评分匹配;BMI,体重指数;TBil,总胆红素;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;PLT,血小板计数;AFP,甲胎蛋白;Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级;ECOG PS,美国东部肿瘤协作组体力状况;BCLC,巴塞罗那临床肝癌。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  mRECIST评估肿瘤消融效果

    Table  2.   Tumor ablation response evaluated with mRECIST

    指标 PSM前 PSM后
    二联组(n=67) 三联组(n=57) χ2 P 二联组(n=57) 三联组(n=57) χ2 P
    CR 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00)
    PR 20(29.9) 34(59.6) 9.945 0.002 17(29.8) 34(59.6) 9.083 0.003
    SD 34(50.7) 16(28.1) 5.673 0.017 27(47.4) 16(28.1) 3.734 0.053
    PD 13(19.4) 7(12.3) 0.688 0.407 13(22.8) 7(12.3) 1.516 0.218
    ORR 20(29.9) 34(59.6) 9.945 0.002 17(29.8) 34(59.6) 9.083 0.003
    DCR 54(80.6) 50(87.7) 0.688 0.407 44(77.2) 50(87.7) 1.516 0.218

    注:mRECIST,改良的实体瘤疗效评估标准;PSM,倾向性评分匹配;CR,完全反应;PR,部分反应;SD,疾病稳定;PD,疾病进展;ORR,客观缓解率;DCR,疾病控制率。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  RECIST 1.1评估肿瘤消融效果

    Table  3.   Tumor ablation response evaluated with RECIST 1.1

    指标 PSM前 PSM后
    二联组(n=67) 三联组(n=57) χ2 P 二联组(n=57) 三联组(n=57) χ2 P
    CR 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00)
    PR 19(28.4) 29(50.9) 5.668 0.017 17(29.8) 29(50.9) 4.410 0.036
    SD 35(52.2) 21(36.8) 2.360 0.125 27(47.4) 21(36.8) 0.900 0.343
    PD 13(19.4) 7(12.3) 0.688 0.407 13(22.8) 7(12.3) 1.516 0.218
    ORR 19(28.4) 29(50.9) 5.668 0.017 17(29.8) 29(50.9) 4.410 0.036
    DCR 54(80.6) 50(87.7) 0.688 0.407 44(77.2) 50(87.7) 1.516 0.218

    注:RECIST,实体瘤疗效评估标准;PSM,倾向性评分匹配;CR,完全反应;PR,部分反应;SD,疾病稳定;PD,疾病进展;ORR,客观缓解率;DCR,疾病控制率。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  后续治疗方案

    Table  4.   Subsequent treatment

    指标 二联组
    n=57)
    三联组
    n=57)
    χ2 P
    局部治疗[例(%)] 2.366 0.498
    介入治疗 19(33.3) 18(31.6)
    微波消融 3(5.3) 8(14.0)
    射频消融 1(1.8) 1(1.8)
    局部放射治疗 4(7.0) 6(10.5)
    系统药物治疗[例(%)] 9.650 0.140
    靶向药物
    仑伐替尼 10(17.5) 3(5.3)
    多纳非尼 2(3.5) 4(7.0)
    瑞戈非尼 14(24.6) 12(21.1)
    贝伐珠单抗 0(0.0) 3(5.3)
    阿帕替尼 0(0.0) 1(1.8)
    安罗替尼 0(0.0) 1(1.8)
    免疫药物 3.080 0.214
    信迪利单抗 0(0.0) 1(1.8)
    卡瑞利珠单抗 0(0.0) 2(3.5)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  影响患者OS的单因素及多因素Cox回归分析

    Table  5.   Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis of influencing OS

    变量 单因素 多因素
    HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
    治疗方式(三联vs二联) 0.45(0.30~0.69) <0.001 0.32(0.20~0.51) <0.001
    年龄(≥70岁 vs <70岁) 1.17(0.74~1.86) 0.506
    性别(男vs女) 0.71(0.44~1.15) 0.164
    BMI(kg/m2 1.02(0.95~1.09) 0.603
    病因学(病毒性肝炎vs其他) 0.76(0.31~1.88) 0.552
    TBil(μmol/L) 1.01(0.99~1.03) 0.178
    ALT(U/L) 1.00(1.00~1.00) 0.116
    AST(U/L) 1.00(1.00~1.00) 0.176
    AFP(≥400 ng/mL vs <400 ng/mL) 2.09(1.35~3.25) <0.001 2.35(1.44~3.84) <0.001
    PLT(×109/L) 1.00(1.00~1.01) 0.358
    Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs A级) 2.13(1.05~4.33) 0.036 2.12(1.01~4.45) 0.048
    ECOG PS评分(1分 vs 0分) 1.08(0.71~1.64) 0.717
    肿瘤个数(多发vs单发) 1.13(0.70~1.84) 0.602
    肿瘤最大直径(cm) 1.09(1.02~1.16) 0.007 1.02(0.95~1.09) 0.648
    肝外转移(有vs无) 1.65(1.04~2.62) 0.034 1.97(1.18~3.28) 0.009
    血管侵犯(有vs无) 1.29(0.84~1.96) 0.242
    BCLC分期(C期 vs B期) 1.45(0.91~2.33) 0.120
    既往局部治疗(有vs无) 0.77(0.49~1.23) 0.272
    冷冻消融次数(≥2次 vs 1次) 1.04(0.68~1.58) 0.857
    靶向药物治疗时长(月) 0.92(0.88~0.96) <0.001 0.92(0.89~0.96) <0.001
    后续局部治疗(有vs无) 0.50(0.32~0.77) 0.002 0.59(0.37~0.95) 0.029
    后续系统药物治疗(有vs无) 0.64(0.42~0.97) 0.037 0.46(0.29~0.75) 0.002

    注:OS,总生存期;BMI,体重指数;TBil,总胆红素;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;AFP,甲胎蛋白;PLT,血小板计数;Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级;ECOG PS,美国东部肿瘤协作组体力状况;BCLC,巴塞罗那临床肝癌;HR,风险比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  影响患者PFS的单因素及多因素Cox回归分析

    Table  6.   Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis of influencing PFS

    变量 单因素 多因素
    HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
    治疗方式(三联vs二联) 0.58(0.39~0.85) 0.005 0.52(0.35~0.78) 0.001
    年龄(≥70岁 vs <70岁) 0.70(0.45~1.08) 0.108
    性别(男vs女) 0.83(0.53~1.29) 0.410
    BMI(kg/m2 1.01(0.96~1.08) 0.567
    病因学(病毒性肝炎vs其他) 0.81(0.33~1.99) 0.640
    TBil(μmol/L) 1.00(0.98~1.01) 0.690
    ALT(U/L) 1.00(1.00~1.00) 0.122
    AST(U/L) 1.00(1.00~1.00) 0.168
    AFP(≥400 ng/mL vs <400 ng/mL) 1.40(0.93~2.10) 0.103
    PLT(×109/L) 1.00(1.00~1.00) 0.822
    Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs A级) 1.03(0.53~1.98) 0.937
    ECOG PS评分(1分 vs 0分) 1.05(0.72~1.53) 0.812
    肿瘤个数(多发vs单发) 1.22(0.78~1.90) 0.384
    肿瘤最大直径(cm) 1.03(0.98~1.09) 0.278
    肝外转移(有vs无) 1.35(0.88~2.08) 0.173
    血管侵犯(有vs无) 1.41(0.95~2.09) 0.089 0.76(0.42~1.37) 0.361
    BCLC分期(C期 vs B期) 1.82(1.19~2.79) 0.006 1.88(0.91~3.87) 0.088
    既往局部治疗(有vs无) 0.56(0.37~0.84) 0.006 0.66(0.39~1.10) 0.110
    冷冻消融次数(≥2次 vs 1次) 1.28(0.86~1.90) 0.216
    靶向药物治疗时长(月) 0.95(0.91~0.99) 0.009 0.94(0.90~0.99) 0.014
    后续局部治疗(有vs无) 0.90(0.61~1.34) 0.606
    后续系统药物治疗(有vs无) 0.67(0.45~0.98) 0.038 0.77(0.50~1.17) 0.213

    注:PFS,无进展生存期;BMI,体重指数;TBil,总胆红素;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;AFP,甲胎蛋白;PLT,血小板计数;Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级;ECOG PS,美国东部肿瘤协作组体力状况;BCLC,巴塞罗那临床肝癌;HR,风险比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  治疗相关不良事件

    Table  7.   Treatment-related adverse reactions

    不良事件 1~2级 3~4级
    二联组(n=57) 三联组(n=57) P 二联组(n=57) 三联组(n=57) P
    氩氦刀冷冻消融相关
    转氨酶水平升高 57(100.0) 55(96.5) 0.476 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    发热 39(68.4) 39(68.4) >0.05 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    胆红素升高 33(57.9) 25(43.9) 0.190 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    胸腔积液 29(50.9) 28(49.1) >0.05 10(17.5) 6(10.5) 0.419
    疼痛 25(43.9) 32(56.1) 0.261 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    血小板减少 28(49.1) 23(40.4) 0.451 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    低蛋白血症 29(50.9) 20(35.1) 0.130 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    感染 23(40.4) 20(35.1) 0.699 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    恶心呕吐 14(24.6) 25(43.9) 0.051 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    低钾血症 12(21.1) 19(33.3) 0.207 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    出血 2(3.5) 0(0.0) 0.476 2(3.5) 0(0.0) 0.476
    靶向或免疫系统药物相关
    高氨血症 18(31.6) 26(45.6) 0.178 2(3.5) 0(0.0) 0.476
    低蛋白血症 18(31.6) 25(43.9) 0.246 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
    贫血 17(29.8) 25(43.9) 0.174 3(5.3) 3(5.3) >0.05
    蛋白尿 12(21.1) 15(26.3) 0.660 2(3.5) 2 (3.5) >0.05
    血小板减少 9(15.8) 18(31.6) 0.078 4(7.0) 8(14.0) 0.205
    白细胞减少 9(15.8) 13(22.8) 0.476 3(5.3) 10(17.5) 0.154
    胆红素升高 12(21.1) 9(15.8) 0.629 1(1.8) 2(3.5) >0.05
    高血压 9(15.8) 11(19.3) 0.805 4(7.0) 4(7.0) >0.05
    乏力 10(17.5) 3(5.3) 0.077 3(5.3) 2(3.5) >0.05
    腹泻 9(15.8) 4(7.0) 0.239 2(3.5) 2 (3.5) >0.05
    手足综合征 3(5.3) 8(14.0) 0.205 2(3.5) 1(1.8) >0.05
    食欲下降 5(8.8) 2(3.5) 0.435 3(5.3) 1(1.8) 0.611
    下载: 导出CSV
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