门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病患者肌肉改变的临床特征及危险因素分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260319
Clinical features of muscle changes and related risk factors in patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder
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摘要:
目的 研究门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病(PSVD)患者中肌肉改变(包括肌少症和肌脂肪变性)的患病情况,并探究相关影响因素,为PSVD患者肌肉改变的早期识别、预防和干预提供理论依据。 方法 连续纳入2017年7月—2024年7月在南京市第二医院确诊的132例PSVD患者为病例组,选取医院2025年职工体检健康人群为健康对照组,按年龄、性别1∶1行倾向评分匹配。根据腹部计算机体层成像(CT)评估肌肉状态分为无肌肉改变、轻度肌肉改变(单纯肌脂肪变性)及重度肌肉改变(单纯肌少症或肌少症合并肌脂肪变性),以肌肉改变类型及严重程度为处理因素。收集病例组一般资料、实验室检查、第三腰椎(L3)水平CT影像及肝穿刺病理资料,健康对照组收集一般资料与CT影像;在L3水平测量骨骼肌指数诊断肌少症(男<44.77 cm2/m2,女<32.50 cm2/m2),以平均肌肉衰减值结合体重指数(BMI)阈值定义肌脂肪变性(BMI<24.9 kg/m2且平均衰减值<41 HU或BMI≥25 kg/m2且平均衰减值<33 HU)。比较病例组与健康对照组及不同肌肉改变分组间人口学、实验室与临床指标差异。符合正态分布计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验,非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验;采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析PSVD合并肌少症的相关因素。 结果 132例PSVD患者中有门静脉高压83例,无门静脉高压49例,2组年龄、白蛋白、白球比、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板计数、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、血红蛋白、血钙、胆碱酯酶、总胆汁酸、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比值、活化部分凝血活酶时间,以及失代偿、胃食管或异位静脉曲张、出血和腹水发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。匹配后分析显示,PSVD患者(n=132)肌肉结构异常(43.18% vs 18.94%)与轻度(22.73% vs 7.58%)、重度(20.45% vs 11.36%)肌肉改变的患病率均高于健康对照组(n=132)(P值均<0.001)。进一步比较发现,PSVD有无门静脉高压患者合并肌肉变化的比例差异无统计学意义(42.17% vs 44.90%,P=0.760)。以有无肌肉改变为因变量的二分类Logistic回归多因素分析显示,年龄[比值比(OR)=1.05,95%置信区间(CI):1.02~1.09]、皮下脂肪指数(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.01~1.06)、血红蛋白(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.95~0.99)、凝血酶时间(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.06~1.49)为PSVD患者肌肉改变的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05);以肌肉改变严重程度为因变量的有序Logistic回归多因素模型显示,年龄(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01~1.07)、凝血酶时间(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.01~1.36)为肌肉改变类型分级的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。 结论 PSVD患者合并肌肉改变较为常见;肌肉变化可能为PSVD本身所致而非继发于门静脉高压,年龄、脂肪分布、凝血酶时间和血红蛋白为肌肉变化的重要影响因素。 -
关键词:
- 门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病 /
- 肌减少症 /
- 危险因素
Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of muscle changes (including sarcopenia and myosteatosis) and related influencing factors in patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD), and to provide a theoretical basis for the early identification, prevention, and intervention of muscle changes in PSVD patients. Methods A total of 132 PSVD patients who were diagnosed in Nanjing Second Hospital from July 2017 to July 2024 were enrolled as case group, and the hospital staff who underwent physical examination in 2025 were enrolled as healthy control group. Propensity score matching was performed based on age and sex at a ratio of 1∶1. According to muscle status assessed by abdominal CT, the subjects were divided into non-muscle change group, mild muscle change group (myosteatosis alone), and severe muscle change group (sarcopenia alone or sarcopenia comorbid with myosteatosis), with the type and severity of muscle change as the exposure factors. General information, laboratory tests, L3-level CT images, and liver biopsy data were collected for the patients in the case group, and general information and CT images were collected for the individuals in the healthy control group. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by measuring skeletal muscle index at the L3 level (<44.77 cm2/m2 for men and <32.50 cm2/m2 for women), and myosteatosis was defined by mean muscle attenuation combined with BMI (BMI <24.9 kg/m2 with attenuation <41 HU or BMI ≥25 kg/m2 with attenuation <33 HU). Demographic, laboratory, and clinical parameters were compared between the case group and the healthy control group. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with sarcopenia in PSVD. Results Among the 132 patients with PSVD, there were 83 patients with portal hypertension (PH) and 49 patients without PH, and there were significant differences between these two groups in age, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, red blood cell count, platelet count, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, hemoglobin, blood calcium, cholinesterase, total bile acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, decompensation, gastroesophageal or ectopic varices, bleeding and ascites (all P<0.05). The analyses after matching showed that compared with the healthy control group, the case group had significantly higher prevalence rates of abnormal muscle structure (43.18% vs 18.94%, P<0.001), mild muscle changes (22.73% vs 7.58%, P<0.001), and severe muscle changes (20.45% vs 11.36%, P<0.001). Further comparison showed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with muscle changes between the PSVD patients with PH and those without PH (42.17% vs 44.90%, P=0.760). The binary Logistic regression analysis with the presence or absence of muscle changes as the dependent variable showed that age (odds ratio [OR]=1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 — 1.09, P<0.05), subcutaneous fat index (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.01 — 1.06, P<0.05), hemoglobin (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.95 — 0.99, P<0.05), and thrombin time (OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.06 — 1.49, P<0.05) were independent influencing factors for muscle changes in PSVD patients. The multivariate ordinal Logistic regression analysis with the severity of muscle changes as the dependent variable showed that age (OR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.01 — 1.07, P<0.05) and thrombin time (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.01 — 1.36, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for the grading of muscle changes. Conclusion Muscle changes are common in PSVD patients, and these changes may be caused by PSVD itself rather than PH. Age, fat distribution, thrombin time, and hemoglobin are important influencing factors for muscle changes. -
Key words:
- Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disorder /
- Sarcopenia /
- Risk Factors
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表 1 入组患者基线特征分析结果
Table 1. Results of baseline characteristics analysis of patients enrolled in the study
指标 总计(n=132) PH组(n=83) 无PH组(n=49) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 44.34±13.17 46.20±13.62 41.18±11.83 t=2.15 0.034 男[例(%)] 80(60.61) 52(62.65) 28(57.14) χ2=0.39 0.532 BMI(kg/m2) 22.37±2.88 22.37±3.02 22.37±2.67 t=0.00 0.996 白蛋白(g/L) 41.54±5.50 40.05±5.91 44.07±3.57 t=-4.87 <0.001 白球比 1.67±0.34 1.58±0.35 1.81±0.26 t=-3.85 <0.001 白细胞计数(×109/L) 4.54(3.08~5.48) 3.67(2.62~5.11) 5.13(4.28~6.24) Z=-3.88 <0.001 中性粒细胞计数(×109/L) 2.48(1.63~3.46) 2.14(1.39~3.23) 3.02(2.00~3.55) Z=-2.61 0.009 红细胞计数(×1012/L) 4.42(3.85~4.75) 4.25(3.56~4.60) 4.58(4.09~5.05) Z=-3.58 <0.001 血小板计数(×109/L) 146.50(79.00~194.50) 87.00(59.00~144.50) 187.00(168.00~214.00) Z=-6.32 <0.001 直接胆红素(μmol/L) 5.20(3.68~7.12) 5.50(4.50~8.95) 4.40(3.00~5.80) Z=-3.36 <0.001 间接胆红素(μmol/L) 8.80(6.07~13.10) 9.50(6.65~13.85) 7.50(5.80~10.40) Z=-2.22 0.027 血红蛋白(g/L) 128.50(113.75~144.25) 126.00(109.50~142.00) 136.00(124.00~151.00) Z=-2.42 0.016 血钙(mmol/L) 2.22(2.12~2.31) 2.20(2.10~2.29) 2.30(2.17~2.37) Z=-3.18 0.001 血钠(mmol/L) 141.00(139.70~142.00) 141.00(139.85~142.00) 140.80(139.70~142.10) Z=-0.49 0.627 丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 29.10(17.60~51.52) 28.10(16.00~50.85) 34.10(21.00~53.60) Z=-1.20 0.229 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 27.45(19.33~40.23) 28.50(20.10~44.55) 26.20(18.50~34.10) Z=-1.42 0.157 胆碱酯酶(U/L) 6 781.00
(5 130.00~8 183.75)6 117.00
(4 417.50~7 347.50)7 925.00
(6 965.00~9 050.00)Z=-4.96 <0.001 γ-谷氨酰转移酶(U/L) 45.50(20.00~86.83) 40.70(20.10~65.15) 55.10(20.00~105.00) Z=-1.27 0.205 碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 82.20(66.73~120.00) 84.00(66.55~120.00) 81.40(68.00~121.00) Z=-0.02 0.983 总胆汁酸(μmol/L) 9.25(4.45~21.57) 12.30(5.95~28.20) 5.60(3.30~9.80) Z=-3.50 <0.001 肌酐(μmol/L) 64.00(55.00~75.80) 64.00(55.50~74.90) 65.00(55.00~75.80) Z=-0.08 0.940 甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.10(0.73~1.27) 0.93(0.65~1.20) 1.20(0.90~1.43) Z=-3.00 0.003 总胆固醇(mmol/L) 4.12±0.85 3.88±0.83 4.52±0.74 t=-4.41 <0.001 凝血酶原时间(s) 11.82(10.88~13.00) 12.50(11.35~13.75) 11.10(10.50~11.80) Z=-5.42 <0.001 国际标准化比值 1.06(0.97~1.16) 1.10(1.04~1.20) 0.97(0.94~1.04) Z=-6.27 <0.001 活化部分凝血活酶时间(s) 28.75(26.05~31.00) 29.60(26.65~32.30) 27.10(25.50~29.60) Z=-3.31 <0.001 纤维蛋白原(g/L) 2.20(1.88~2.80) 2.13(1.83~2.82) 2.34(2.01~2.77) Z=-1.08 0.281 凝血酶时间(s) 17.40(15.90~18.30) 17.20(15.65~18.20) 17.60(16.40~18.30) Z=-0.71 0.477 失代偿[例(%)] 23(17.42) 23(27.71) 0(0.00) χ2=16.44 <0.001 胃食管或异位静脉曲张[例(%)] 56(42.42) 55(66.27) 1(2.04) χ2=52.03 <0.001 出血[例(%)] 10(7.58) 10(12.05) 0(0.00) χ2=4.78 0.029 腹水[例(%)] 23(17.42) 21(25.30) 2(4.08) χ2=9.64 0.002 注:BMI,体重指数;PH,门静脉高压。
表 2 健康对照组与PSVD组肌肉改变类型的分布比较
Table 2. Comparison of the distribution of muscle change types between the healthy control group and the PSVD group
指标 总计(n=264) 健康对照组(n=132) PSVD组(n=132) 统计值 P值 肌肉改变[例(%)] 82(31.06) 25(18.94) 57(43.18) χ2=18.11 <0.001 肌肉改变类型[例(%)] χ2=19.05 <0.001 轻度 40(15.15) 10(7.58) 30(22.73) 重度 42(15.91) 15(11.36) 27(20.45) 肌少症/肌脂肪变性分型[例(%)] χ2=19.48 <0.001 合并肌少症与肌脂肪变性 11(4.17) 3(2.27) 8(6.06) 单纯肌少症 31(11.74) 12(9.09) 19(14.39) 单纯肌脂肪变性 40(15.15) 10(7.58) 30(22.73) L3-SMI(cm2/m2) 男 51.16±7.48 53.12±7.27 49.35±7.24 t=3.22 0.002 女 39.29±5.45 38.94±5.67 39.68±5.21 t=-0.71 0.478 注:PSVD,门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病;L3-SMI,第三腰椎水平骨骼肌指数。
表 3 PSVD患者肌肉改变及体成分指标的组间比较
Table 3. Intergroup comparison of muscle changes and body composition indicators in PSVD patients
指标 总计(n=132) PH组(n=83) 无PH组(n=49) 统计值 P值 肌肉变化[例(%)] 57(43.18) 35(42.17) 22(44.90) χ2=0.09 0.760 肌肉改变类型[例(%)] χ2=0.15 0.929 轻度 30(22.73) 18(21.69) 12(24.49) 重度 27(20.45) 17(20.48) 10(20.41) L3-SMI(cm2/m2) 45.54±8.04 45.80±7.60 45.09±8.81 t=0.49 0.627 SFI(cm2/m2) 37.77±17.75 36.15±19.70 40.52±13.57 t=-1.50 0.135 VAI(cm2/m2) 25.79±18.34 25.82±20.28 25.76±14.67 t=0.02 0.987 SMR(HU) 42.96±7.98 42.44±8.59 43.85±6.81 t=-0.98 0.328 注:PSVD,门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病;PH,门静脉高压;L3-SMI,第三腰椎水平骨骼肌指数;SFI,皮下脂肪指数;VAI,内脏脂肪指数;SMR,骨骼肌密度。
表 4 肌肉改变相关影响因素的 Logistic 回归分析
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors related to muscle changes
变量 单因素 多因素 β值 SE Z值 P值 OR(95%CI) β值 SE Z值 P值 OR(95%CI) 有无肌肉改变 年龄(岁) 0.05 0.02 3.49 <0.001 1.06(1.02~1.09) 0.05 0.02 3.18 0.001 1.05(1.02~1.09) SFI(cm2/m2) 0.03 0.01 2.52 0.012 1.03(1.01~1.05) 0.03 0.01 2.49 0.015 1.03(1.01~1.06) 红细胞计数(×1012/L) -0.30 0.23 -1.30 0.194 0.74(0.47~1.16) 0.63 0.42 1.51 0.130 1.89(0.83~4.29) 血红蛋白(g/L) -0.02 0.01 -2.06 0.040 0.98(0.97~0.99) -0.03 0.01 -2.20 0.028 0.97(0.95~0.99) 凝血酶时间(s) 0.14 0.07 1.85 0.064 1.15(0.99~1.33) 0.23 0.09 2.70 0.007 1.26(1.06~1.49) 肌肉改变类型 年龄(岁) 0.04 0.01 3.01 0.003 1.04(1.01~1.07) 0.04 0.01 2.52 0.012 1.04(1.01~1.07) 血红蛋白(g/L) -0.01 0.01 -1.51 0.131 0.99(0.98~1.00) -0.01 0.01 -1.21 0.227 0.99(0.98~1.01) 白球比 -0.83 0.53 -1.57 0.118 0.44(0.16~1.23) -0.32 0.56 -0.58 0.562 0.72(0.24~2.16) 凝血酶时间(s) 0.14 0.07 1.91 0.057 1.15(1.00~1.32) 0.16 0.08 2.13 0.033 1.17(1.01~1.36) 注:SFI,皮下脂肪指数;SE,标准误;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。
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