丙型肝炎简化诊疗策略在人类免疫缺陷病毒/丙型肝炎病毒合并感染中的应用价值
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260609
Application value of simplified diagnosis and treatment strategies for chronic hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection
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摘要:
目的 评估简化丙型肝炎诊疗策略在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)合并感染者中的应用价值。 方法 本研究为多中心、前瞻性真实世界研究,于2023年7月—2024年6月纳入在玉溪市10家基层丙型肝炎定点治疗机构接受丙型肝炎治疗的198例HIV/HCV合并感染者,将其分为基因型检测组(n=122)和未检测组(n=76)。观察治疗结束12周持续病毒学应答(SVR12)获得情况、不良反应及肝脏生化指标等的变化。采用倾向评分匹配法对两组队列进行匹配,匹配方式采取卡钳匹配(卡钳值=0.02),匹配比例选取1∶1。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。 结果 基因型检测组122例患者中,基因3型占比为63.11%(77/122);未检测组76例,两组SVR12率均为100%。与基线相比,两组治疗结束后12周血清总胆红素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、甲胎蛋白水平和FibroScan值均显著降低,血清白蛋白水平显著升高(P值均<0.05)。54例患者(27.27%)出现至少1种不良反应,以贫血最为常见(19.19%),其中肝硬化患者贫血发生率为50.00%(33/66),治疗前后HIV病毒载量均<50 IU/mL,CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.969,P=0.202)。与基因型检测组相比,未检测组从HCV RNA检测到启动治疗的时间从(19±4)d缩短至(4±2)d(t=5.321,P<0.05),整体检测费用从(789±129)元降低至(618±97)元(t=3.661,P<0.05)。 结论 丙型肝炎简化诊疗策略在HIV/HCV合并感染者中具有一定的应用价值,患者SVR12率较高,生化指标改善,且治疗的安全性良好,时间成本和经济负担降低。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of simplified diagnosis and treatment strategies and regimens in the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection. Methods This multicenter prospective real-world study was conducted among 198 patients with HIV/HCV co-infection who received hepatitis C treatment in 10 designated primary hospitals for hepatitis C in Yuxi, China from July 2023 to June 2024, and according to whether genotype detection was performed, they were divided into genotype detection group with 122 patients and non-genotype detection group with 76 patients. The patients were observed in terms of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12), safety, and liver biochemical parameters. Propensity score matching was used to match the two cohorts, using caliper matching (caliper value = 0.02) at a ratio of 1∶1. The independent-samples t test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results Among the 122 patients in the genotype detection group, 63.11% (77/122) had genotype 3, while the non-genotype detection group had 76 patients; both groups achieved an SVR12 rate of 100%. From baseline to 12 weeks after treatment, both groups had a significant increase in the serum level of albumin, significant reductions in the serum levels of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alpha-fetoprotein, and a significant reduction in FibroScan value (all P<0.05). A total of 54 patients (27.27%) experienced at least one adverse reaction, and anemia was the most common adverse reaction (38 patients, 19.19%), with an incidence rate of 50.00% (33/66) in patients with liver cirrhosis. HIV viral load remained <50 IU/mL before and after treatment, and there was no significant change in CD4+ T lymphocyte count after treatment (Z=-0.969, P=0.202). Compared with the genotype detection group, the non-genotype detection group had a significantly shorter time from positive HCV RNA testing to treatment initiation (4±2 days vs 19±4 days, t=5.321, P<0.05) and significantly lower testing costs (618±97 yuan vs 789±129 yuan, t=3.661, P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with HIV/HCV co-infection, the simplified diagnosis and treatment strategies can achieve a relatively high SVR12 rate, improve biochemical indicators, and effectively reduce time cost and economic burden, with a favorable safety profile. -
Key words:
- Hepatitis C /
- HIV /
- Pan-Genotypic /
- Treatment Outcome
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表 1 PSM前后HIV/HCV合并感染者特征及比较
Table 1. General characteristics and before and after PSM for HCV patients co-infected with HIV
变量 合计
(n=198)PSM前 PSM后 基因型检测
组(n=122)未检测组
(n=76)χ2值 P值 基因型检测
组(n=52)未检测组
(n=52)χ2值 P值 性别[例(%)] 0.845 0.358 2.075 0.150 男 152(76.77) 91(74.59) 61(80.26) 38(73.08) 44(84.62) 女 46(23.23) 31(25.41) 15(19.74) 14(26.92) 8(15.38) 年龄[例(%)] 12.784 0.005 5.058 0.168 18~30岁 14(7.07) 10(8.20) 4(5.26) 3(5.77) 3(5.77) 31~40岁 27(13.63) 12(9.84) 15(19.74) 8(15.38) 12(23.08) 41~50岁 123(62.12) 71(58.20) 52(68.42) 29(55.77) 33(63.46) ≥51岁 34(17.17) 29(23.77) 5(6.58) 12(23.08) 4(7.69) 职业[例(%)] 19.173 <0.001 <0.001 >0.05 务农 142(71.72) 74(60.66) 68(89.47) 44(84.62) 44(84.62) 其他 56(28.28) 48(39.34) 8(10.53) 8(15.38) 8(15.38) 文化程度[例(%)] 33.508 <0.001 0.447 0.800 文盲及小学 50(25.25) 14(11.48) 36(47.37) 4(7.69) 4(7.69) 初中 123(62.12) 87(71.31) 36(47.37) 42(80.77) 44(84.62) 高中及以上 25(12.63) 21(17.21) 4(5.26) 6(11.54) 4(9.62) 婚姻状况[例(%)] 4.063 0.131 1.902 0.386 未婚 19(9.60) 12(9.84) 7(9.21) 8(15.38) 6(11.54) 已婚 148(74.75) 86(70.49) 62(81.58) 35(67.31) 41(78.85) 离异或丧偶 31(15.66) 24(19.67) 7(9.21) 9(17.31) 5(9.62) HIV感染诊断时间[例(%)] 5.607 0.132 5.512 0.138 2010年及以前 42(21.21) 22(18.03) 20(26.32) 7(13.46) 12(23.08) 2011—2015年 58(29.29) 34(27.87) 24(31.58) 17(32.69) 18(34.62) 2016—2020年 59(29.80) 36(29.51) 23(30.26) 13(25.00) 16(30.77) 2021—2022年 39(19.70) 30(24.59) 9(11.84) 15(28.85) 6(11.54) 是否有注射吸毒史[例(%)] 57.47 <0.001 0.160 0.689 是 110(55.56) 42(34.43) 68(89.47) 30(57.69) 32(61.54) 否 88(44.44) 80(65.57) 8(10.53) 22(42.31) 20(38.46) 调查时HIV疾病状态[例(%)] 5.638 0.058 3.323 0.068 HIV感染 120(60.61) 66(54.10) 54(71.05) 28(53.85) 37(71.15) AIDS 78(39.39) 56(45.90) 22(28.95) 24(46.15) 15(28.85) 调查时CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数[例(%)] 0.187 0.665 0.166 0.684 <350/μL 77(38.89) 46(37.70) 31(40.79) 18(34.62) 20(38.46) ≥350/μL 121(61.11) 76(62.30) 45(59.21) 34(65.38) 32(61.54) 丙型肝炎治疗史[例(%)] 29.661 <0.001 <0.001 >0.05 初治 148(74.75) 75(61.48) 73(96.05) 49(94.23) 49(94.23) 经治 50(25.25) 47(38.52) 3(3.95) 3(5.77) 3(5.77) 肝硬化[例(%)] 2.093 0.148 2.654 0.154 有 66(33.33) 36(29.51) 30(39.47) 15(28.85) 23(44.23) 无 132(66.67) 86(70.49) 46(60.53) 37(71.15) 29(55.77) 注:PSM,倾向评分匹配;HIV,人类免疫缺陷病毒;HCV,丙型肝炎病毒;AIDS,获得性免疫缺陷综合征。
表 2 治疗前后患者生化指标、甲胎蛋白、血常规和FibroScan值比较
Table 2. Comparison of biochemical indicators, alpha fetoprotein, routine blood test and FibroScan values of patients before and after treatment
项目 例数 基线 治疗结束12周 t值 P值 丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 总体 198 92.46±12.82 21.33±8.56 15.667 <0.001 基因型检测组 122 94.23±13.01 21.78±8.78 16.112 <0.001 未检测组 76 90.59±12.07 21.01±8.23 15.297 <0.001 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 总体 198 75.72±10.55 24.98±9.97 13.871 <0.001 基因型检测组 122 73.01±9.87 23.01±9.20 12.831 <0.001 未检测组 76 77.22±10.91 25.33±10.21 15.664 <0.001 总胆红素(μmol/L) 总体 198 23.31±10.43 18.01±8.97 2.987 0.045 基因型检测组 122 22.20±9.87 19.20±8.01 2.667 0.067 未检测组 76 23.87±10.69 17.29±9.33 3.231 0.040 血清白蛋白(g/L) 总体 198 40.17±6.97 45.23±7.21 5.971 <0.001 基因型检测组 122 39.66±6.94 44.91±7.33 6.331 <0.001 未检测组 76 41.21±7.29 46.30±7.16 4.921 0.019 白细胞计数(×109/L) 总体 198 4.66±1.54 4.97±1.58 0.597 0.181 基因型检测组 122 4.35±1.39 4.68±1.44 0.667 0.169 未检测组 76 4.87±1.68 5.23±1.71 0.483 0.191 血小板计数(×109/L) 总体 198 140.32±42.66 146.88±56.18 1.980 0.098 基因型检测组 122 142.37±44.30 148.31±59.30 1.687 0.067 未检测组 76 138.21±40.381) 144.20±53.971) 2.338 0.122 甲胎蛋白(ng/mL) 总体 198 12.34±5.63 5.10±2.98 6.337 <0.001 基因型检测组 122 13.22±6.37 5.54±3.31 7.291 <0.001 未检测组 76 11.60±4.971) 4.78±2.70 5.661 <0.001 FibroScan值 总体 198 11.21±4.88 4.23±2.33 6.897 <0.001 基因型检测组 122 12.33±5.18 4.08±2.38 7.510 <0.001 未检测组 76 10.87±4.02 4.30±2.26 5.951 <0.001 注:与同时间的基因型检测组比较,1)P<0.05。
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