肝纤维化4因子指数及肝脏瞬时弹性成像在社区代谢相关脂肪性肝病肝纤维化危险分层中的应用价值
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260610
Application value of fibrosis-4 index and liver transient elastography in liver fibrosis risk stratification for metabolic associated fatty liver disease in community health institutions
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摘要:
目的 旨在对社区卫生机构就诊人群进行代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)筛查,通过肝纤维化4因子指数(FIB-4)及肝脏瞬时弹性成像检测肝脏硬度值(LSM),以识别进展期肝纤维化低、中、高危患者,并实施分层管理。 方法 选取2024年1—7月北京市白纸坊社区卫生机构630例就诊人群进行横断面研究,将患者分为MAFLD组和非MAFLD组,按照体重指数(BMI)进一步将MAFLD组分为瘦型MAFLD组(BMI<23 kg/m2)和非瘦型MAFLD组(BMI≥23 kg/m2),比较各组人口学特征、实验室指标、肝脂肪变性及LSM等。通过FIB-4和LSM对MAFLD患者进行肝纤维化危险分层,并对患者实施上级医院转诊与社区卫生机构随访的闭环管理。非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。 结果 本研究中MAFLD组为445例(70.6%),非MAFLD组为185例(29.4%)。与非MAFLD组相比,MAFLD组男性占比(χ2=4.299)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(Z=3.484)显著降低,而体重(Z=-7.366)、BMI(Z=-9.740)、腰围(Z=-6.397)、臀围(Z=-6.935)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Z=-2.765)、空腹血糖(Z=-3.646)、甘油三酯(Z=-6.569)、总胆固醇(Z=-2.033)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Z=-2.935)、受控衰减参数(Z=-19.784)、LSM(Z=-5.703)显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。在MAFLD组中,瘦型MAFLD组124例(27.9%),非瘦型MAFLD组321例(72.1%)。瘦型MAFLD组体重(Z=-12.414)、BMI(Z=-16.363)、腰围(Z=-7.733)、臀围(Z=-8.595)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Z=-2.835)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Z=-1.972)、甘油三酯(Z=-2.407)、受控衰减参数(Z=-4.429)、脂肪变程度(χ2=16.588)和LSM(Z=-3.908)显著低于非瘦型MAFLD组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。基于FIB-4及LSM的检测结果,76例肝纤维化中、高危患者应转诊至上级医院继续治疗。 结论 在社区卫生机构就诊人群中,MAFLD检出率达70.6%,其中76例患者(17.1%)应转诊至上级医院。基于FIB-4和LSM建立的社区MAFLD肝纤维化危险分层及管理体系,为社区卫生机构慢病管理及转诊体系建设提供了可推广的实践路径。 Abstract:Objective To perform metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) screening among individuals attending community health institutions, to identify the patients at a low, moderate or high risk of advanced liver fibrosis based on fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) measured by liver transient elastography, and to implement stratified management. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 630 individuals attending Beijing Baizhifang Community Health Service Center from January to July 2024, and they were divided into MAFLD group and non-MAFLD group. According to body mass index (BMI), the MAFLD group was further divided into lean MAFLD group (BMI<23 kg/m2) and non-lean MAFLD group (BMI≥23 kg/m2). The above groups were compared in terms of demographic features, laboratory markers, hepatic steatosis, and LSM. Fibrosis risk stratification was performed for MAFLD patients based on FIB-4 and LSM, and a closed-loop management system involving referral to tertiary hospitals and follow-up at community health institutions was implemented. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results There were 445 individuals (70.6%) in the MAFLD group and 185 individuals (29.4%) in the non-MAFLD group. Compared with the non-MAFLD group, the MAFLD group had a significantly lower proportion of male individuals (χ2=4.299, P<0.05), a significant reduction in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Z=3.484, P<0.05), and significant increases in body weight (Z=-7.366, P<0.05), BMI (Z=-9.740, P<0.05), waist circumference (Z=-6.397, P<0.05), hip circumference (Z=-6.935, P<0.05), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (Z=-2.765, P<0.05), fasting blood glucose (Z=-3.646, P<0.05), triglyceride (TG) (Z=-6.569, P<0.05), total cholesterol (Z=-2.033, P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Z=-2.935, P<0.05), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (Z=-19.784, P<0.05), and LSM (Z=-5.703, P<0.05). Within the MAFLD group, there were 124 individuals (27.9%) in the lean MAFLD group and 321 individuals (72.1%) in the non-lean MAFLD group. Compared with the non-lean MAFLD group, the lean MAFLD group had significantly lower body weight (Z=-12.414, P<0.05), BMI (Z=-16.363, P<0.05), waist circumference (Z=-7.733, P<0.05), hip circumference (Z=-8.595, P<0.05), ALT (Z=-2.835, P<0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (Z=-1.972, P<0.05), TG (Z=-2.407, P<0.05), CAP (Z=-4.429, P<0.05), degree of steatosis (χ2=16.588, P<0.05), and LSM (Z=-3.908, P<0.05). Based on the results of FIB-4 and LSM, 76 patients at a moderate or high risk of liver fibrosis should be referred to a higher-level hospital for further management. Conclusion The detection rate of MAFLD reaches 70.6% among the individuals attending community health institutions, among whom 76 (17.1%) should be referred to a higher-level hospital. Establishing a liver fibrosis risk stratification and management system based on FIB-4 and LSM among MAFLD individuals in communities provides a practical pathway for chronic disease management and referral system construction in community health institutions. -
表 1 按MAFLD分层的患者特征、临床指标及合并症情况比较
Table 1. Patient characteristics, clinical indicators, and comorbidities stratified by MAFLD
指标 MAFLD组(n=445) 非MAFLD组(n=185) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 69.0(66.0~73.0) 70.0(67.0~74.0) Z=1.893 0.058 男性[例(%)] 186(41.8) 94(50.8) χ2=4.299 0.038 体重(kg) 69.2(60.6~76.8) 61.1(55.9~67.1) Z=-7.366 <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 25.7(23.8~28.0) 22.9(21.4~24.6) Z=-9.740 <0.001 腰围(cm) 88.5(84.0~95.0) 84.0(80.0~88.5) Z=-6.397 <0.001 臀围(cm) 100.0(95.0~105.0) 95.0(90.0~98.0) Z=-6.935 <0.001 腰臀比 0.90(0.87~0.93) 0.90(0.86~0.93) Z=-1.351 0.177 PLT(×109/L) 242.0(204.0~281.0) 241.0(198.0~289.0) Z=0.374 0.709 ALT(U/L) 15.0(12.0~24.0) 15.0(11.0~19.0) Z=-2.765 0.006 AST(U/L) 19.0(16.0~23.0) 18.0(16.0~21.0) Z=-1.337 0.181 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 6.8(5.9~8.1) 6.2(5.3~7.8) Z=-3.646 <0.001 糖化血红蛋白(%) 6.7(6.2~7.5) 6.6(6.2~7.4) Z=-0.755 0.450 TG(mmol/L) 1.4(1.0~1.9) 1.0(0.7~1.5) Z=-6.569 <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 4.4(3.8~5.3) 4.3(3.8~4.9) Z=-2.033 0.042 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.5(1.3~1.8) 1.6(1.4~1.9) Z=3.484 0.001 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.7(2.1~3.4) 2.4(2.0~3.0) Z=-2.935 0.003 CAP(dB/m) 300.0(277.0~328.0) 216.0(190.0~234.0) Z=-19.784 <0.001 LSM(kPa) 5.2(4.3~6.7) 4.4(3.6~5.4) Z=-5.703 <0.001 高血压[例(%)] 375(84.3) 146(78.9) χ2=2.615 0.106 2型糖尿病[例(%)] 396(89.0) 159(85.9) χ2=1.154 0.283 注:MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;BMI,体重指数;PLT,血小板;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;TG,甘油三酯;TC,总胆固醇;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL-C,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;CAP,受控衰减参数;LSM,肝脏硬度值。
表 2 按BMI分层的患者特征、临床指标及合并症
Table 2. Patient characteristics, clinical indicators, and comorbidities stratified by BMI
指标 瘦型MAFLD组(n=124) 非瘦型MAFLD组(n=321) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 69.0(66.0~73.0) 69.0(66.0~73.0) Z=0.874 0.382 男性[例(%)] 44(35.5) 142(44.2) χ2=2.817 0.093 体重(kg) 58.6(55.0~63.2) 72.5(66.0~79.7) Z=-12.414 <0.001 BMI(kg/m2) 22.6(21.5~23.3) 27.0(25.3~29.0) Z=-16.363 <0.001 腰围(cm) 85.0(82.0~88.5) 90.0(86.0~97.0) Z=-7.733 <0.001 臀围(cm) 95.0(90.0~98.0) 100.0(96.0~108.0) Z=-8.595 <0.001 腰臀比 0.90(0.86~0.93) 0.90(0.88~0.94) Z=-1.425 0.154 PLT(×109/L) 249.0(205.0~284.0) 238.0(203.0~280.0) Z=1.567 0.117 ALT(U/L) 14.0(11.0~20.0) 16.0(13.0~25.0) Z=-2.835 0.005 AST(U/L) 18.0(16.0~21.0) 19.0(16.0~24.0) Z=-1.972 0.049 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 6.5(5.7~8.2) 6.9(6.0~8.1) Z=-1.461 0.144 糖化血红蛋白(%) 6.5(6.2~7.2) 6.8(6.2~7.5) Z=-1.553 0.121 TG(mmol/L) 1.3(1.0~1.7) 1.4(1.0~1.9) Z=-2.407 0.016 TC(mmol/L) 4.4(3.9~5.3) 4.4(3.8~5.3) Z=0.251 0.802 HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.6(1.3~1.8) 1.5(1.3~1.8) Z=1.436 0.151 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.7(2.2~3.3) 2.7(2.1~3.4) Z=-0.081 0.935 CAP(dB/m) 289.0(268.0~308.0) 306.0(283.0~333.0) Z=-4.429 <0.001 CAP分组[例(%)] χ2=16.588 <0.001 248 dB/m≤CAP<268 dB/m 31(25.0) 47(14.6) 268 dB/m≤CAP<294 dB/m 40(32.3) 69(21.5) ≥294 dB/m 53(42.7) 205(63.9) LSM(kPa) 4.8(4.1~5.7) 5.4(4.3~6.9) Z=-3.908 <0.001 高血压[例(%)] 102(82.2) 273(85.0) χ2=0.525 0.469 2型糖尿病[例(%)] 108(87.1) 288(89.7) χ2=0.628 0.428 注:MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病;BMI,体重指数;PLT,血小板;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;TG,甘油三酯;TC,总胆固醇;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇;LDL-C,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;CAP,受控衰减参数;LSM,肝脏硬度值。
表 3 FIB-4及LSM评估MAFLD患者进展期肝纤维化风险
Table 3. Assessment of the risk of advanced fibrosis using FIB-4 and LSM in MAFLD patients
指标 MAFLD组 瘦型MAFLD组 非瘦型MAFLD组 P值 年龄≤65岁 0.782 FIB-4<1.30 62/92(67.4%) 17/23(73.9%) 45/69(65.2%) 1.30≤FIB-4≤2.67 28/92(30.4%) 6/23(26.1%) 22/69(31.9%) 2.67<FIB-4<3.48 2/92(2.2%) 0/23(0.0) 2/69(2.9%) ≥3.48 0/92(0.0) 0/23(0.0) 0/69(0.0) 年龄>65岁 0.430 FIB-4<2.0 293/353(83.0%) 88/101(87.1%) 205/252(81.3%) 2.0≤FIB-4≤2.67 43/353(12.2%) 9/101(8.9%) 34/252(13.5%) 2.67<FIB-4<3.48 13/353(3.7%) 4/101(4.0%) 9/252(3.6%) ≥3.48 4/353(1.1%) 0/101(0.0) 4/252(1.6%) LSM(kPa) <0.001 <8 384/445(86.3%) 120/124(96.8%) 264/321(82.2%) 8~≤12 46/445(10.3%) 2/124(1.6%) 44/321(13.7%) 12~<20 9/445(2.0%) 2/124(1.6%) 7/321(2.2%) ≥20 6/445(1.4%) 0/124(0.0) 6/321(1.9%) 注:FIB-4,肝纤维化4因子指数;LSM,肝脏硬度值;MAFLD,代谢相关脂肪性肝病。
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