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肝硬化失代偿的危险因素及列线图模型构建

梁圆圆 屈慧芳 王玺越 王妍 张和钊 徐钧

引用本文:
Citation:

肝硬化失代偿的危险因素及列线图模型构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260614
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 (82470693);

山西省重点研发计划 (202302130501013);

山西省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目 (YDZJSX2021B012);

山西省重点实验室项目 (202204010931008)

伦理学声明:本研究于2025年8月7日经由山西医科大学第一医院伦理委员会的审查与批准,批号:SYDYY-KYLL-AF-003/01。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:梁圆圆负责课题设计,绘制图表,论文起草;屈慧芳、王玺越和王妍负责数据收集和分析,绘制表格;张和钊负责论文修改;徐钧负责指导论文撰写并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    徐钧, junxuty@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-3755-9660)

Risk factors for decompensated liver cirrhosis and the construction of a nomogram prediction model

Research funding: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470693);

Shanxi Key Research and Development Program (202302130501013);

Shanxi Central Guidance Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (YDZJSX2021B012);

Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory Project (202204010931008)

More Information
    Corresponding author: XU Jun, junxuty@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-3755-9660)
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨肝硬化患者发生失代偿的独立危险因素,构建基于列线图的风险评估模型,并与终末期肝病模型(MELD)、MELD-Na及MELD 3.0评分系统进行比较,评估其风险评估效能及临床价值。  方法  回顾性纳入2020年1月—2025年5月于山西医科大学第一医院就诊的514例肝硬化患者为研究对象,收集人口学资料、实验室指标等数据。按照是否失代偿分为代偿组(n=275)和失代偿组(n=239)。计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。通过最小绝对收缩与选择算子回归筛选变量,采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定肝硬化失代偿的独立影响因素,并构建列线图模型。分别采用受试者操作特征曲线、校准曲线和临床决策曲线,从区分度、校准度和临床净获益3个维度评估模型性能。  结果  多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低血红蛋白[比值比(OR)=0.984,95%置信区间(CI):0.969~0.999]、低淋巴细胞(OR=0.564,95%CI:0.383~0.830)、国际标准化比值(INR)(OR=3.131,95%CI:1.242~7.891)及低血清钠(OR=0.922,95%CI:0.872~0.975)是肝硬化患者发生失代偿事件的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05)。构建评估模型方程式:Logit(P)=截距值-0.016×血红蛋白-0.573×淋巴细胞+1.141×INR-0.081×血清钠。根据其构建的列线图风险评估模型展现出良好的区分度[受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUC)=0.787,特异度77.8%,灵敏度67.4%],其预测效能显著高于MELD评分(AUC=0.718)、MELD-Na评分(AUC=0.719)和MELD3.0评分(AUC=0.725)。校准曲线显示,模型评估风险概率与实际发生情况具有良好的一致性。临床决策曲线分析表明,在广泛的风险阈值范围内,该模型较MELD系列评分能提供更高的临床净获益。  结论  本研究成功构建并验证了一个包含血红蛋白、INR、淋巴细胞和血清钠的列线图风险评估模型。该模型具有良好的临床实用性,有助于临床早期识别肝硬化失代偿高危患者并优化干预策略。

     

  • 图  1  LASSO回归交叉验证结果

    Figure  1.  Cross-validation results of LASSO regression

    图  2  LASSO回归系数路径图

    Figure  2.  Coefficient path plot of LASSO regression

    图  3  肝硬化失代偿风险的列线图

    Figure  3.  Nomogram for the risk of hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis

    注: MELD,终末期肝病模型。

    图  4  肝硬化失代偿风险评估模型的受试者操作特征曲线

    Figure  4.  ROC curves of the assessment model of hepatic decompensation risk in cirrhotic patients

    图  5  肝硬化失代偿风险评估模型的校准曲线

    Figure  5.  Calibration plot of the assessment model for hepatic decompensation risk in patients with cirrhosis

    注: MELD,终末期肝病模型。

    图  6  肝硬化失代偿风险的决策曲线分析

    Figure  6.  Decision curve analysis for hepatic decompensation risk in patients with cirrhosis

    表  1  不同失代偿状态肝硬化患者的人口学基线特征

    Table  1.   Demographic and baseline characteristics of cirrhotic patients by decompensation status

    变量 总人数(n=514) 代偿组(n=275) 失代偿组(n=239) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 58.00(51.00~64.00) 58.00(51.00~65.00) 57.00(49.00~64.00) Ζ=-1.820 0.069
    性别[例(%)] χ2=4.629 0.031
    320(62.3) 183(66.5) 137(57.3)
    194(37.7) 92(33.5) 102(42.7)
    肝病家族史[例(%)] χ2=4.040 0.044
    479(93.2) 262(95.3) 217(90.8)
    35(6.8) 13(4.7) 22(9.2)
    婚姻状况[例(%)] χ2=0.590 0.442
    有配偶 496(96.5) 267(97.1) 229(95.8)
    无配偶 18(3.5) 8(2.9) 10(4.2)
    吸烟状况[例(%)] χ2=6.985 0.030
    不吸烟 333(64.8) 164(59.6) 169(70.7)
    戒烟 39(7.6) 23(8.4) 16(6.7)
    吸烟 142(27.6) 88(32.0) 54(22.6)
    饮酒状况[例(%)] χ2=1.395 0.498
    不饮酒 378(73.5) 197(71.6) 181(75.7)
    戒酒 55(10.7) 30(10.9) 25(10.5)
    饮酒 81(15.8) 48(17.5) 33(13.8)
    病因[例(%)] χ2=4.020 0.045
    病毒性 312(60.7) 178(64.7) 134(56.1)
    非病毒性 202(39.3) 97(35.3) 105(43.9)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同失代偿状态肝硬化患者的基线实验室检查结果

    Table  2.   Baseline laboratory findings of cirrhotic patients by decompensation status

    变量 总人数(n=514) 代偿组(n=275) 失代偿组(n=239) Z P
    BMI 23.78(21.35~25.95) 23.95(21.61~26.30) 23.62(20.97~25.71) -1.564 0.118
    白细胞(×109/L 4.10(2.70~6.10) 4.70(3.40~6.80) 3.20(2.20~5.10) -6.028 <0.001
    红细胞(×109/L 3.94(3.33~4.52) 4.23(3.70~4.75) 3.57(2.91~4.13) -8.861 <0.001
    血红蛋白(g/L) 123.00(102.00~142.25) 133.00(117.00~150.00) 108.00(90.00~130.00) -9.102 <0.001
    红细胞压积(%) 37.10(31.00~42.95) 40.10(35.50~45.10) 32.60(28.20~38.80) -9.094 <0.001
    血小板(×109/L 99.00(53.00~167.50) 132.00(72.00~185.00) 66.00(45.00~121.00) -7.463 <0.001
    淋巴细胞(×109/L 0.94(0.60~1.45) 1.23(0.80~1.72) 0.71(0.50~1.05) -8.237 <0.001
    单核细胞(×109/L 0.35(0.22~0.52) 0.40(0.30~0.57) 0.30(0.20~0.49) -4.854 <0.001
    中性粒细胞(×109/L 2.33(1.48~3.84) 2.64(1.80~4.30) 1.90(1.20~3.33) -4.555 <0.001
    嗜酸性粒细胞(×109/L 0.09(0.03~0.13) 0.10(0.05~0.18) 0.06(0.02~0.10) -5.150 <0.001
    嗜碱性粒细胞(×109/L 0.01(0.00~0.03) 0.01(0.00~0.03) 0.01(0.00~0.02) -3.382 <0.001
    总蛋白(g/L) 63.40(57.88~68.23) 65.10(59.90~69.80) 60.40(56.30~66.30) -5.404 <0.001
    白蛋白(g/L) 35.15(30.20~38.73) 37.10(32.70~40.20) 32.10(28.70~36.30) -7.575 <0.001
    总胆红素(μmol/L) 23.05(15.48~51.78) 19.00(13.50~31.60) 34.80(19.30~72.10) 6.676 <0.001
    直接胆红素(μmol/L) 6.30(3.70~19.93) 4.80(3.10~9.80) 10.80(4.90~33.20) 6.690 <0.001
    间接胆红素(μmol/L) 17.00(11.00~30.23) 13.90(10.20~22.10) 21.80(13.50~38.60) 5.885 <0.001
    尿素(mmol/L) 4.91(3.81~6.32) 4.89(3.86~6.20) 4.92(3.75~6.45) 0.043 0.965
    肌酐(μmol/L) 61.60(51.58~72.00) 63.00(53.00~73.00) 61.00(49.00~70.30) -2.239 0.025
    血清氯(mmol/L) 105.45(103.10~108.20) 105.40(103.10~108.00) 105.70(103.10~108.70) 0.434 0.664
    血清钠(mmol/L) 140.00(137.00~142.00) 140.00(138.00~142.00) 139.00(136.00~141.00) -4.994 <0.001
    血清钙(mmol/L) 2.17(2.07~2.25) 2.20(2.10~2.28) 2.12(2.02~2.22) -5.473 <0.001
    无机磷(mmol/L) 1.06(0.87~1.22) 1.09(0.89~1.23) 1.05(0.87~1.21) -0.848 0.397
    血清钾(mmol/L) 3.78(3.52~4.09) 3.80(3.52~4.10) 3.76(3.51~4.07) -0.991 0.322
    尿酸(μmol/L) 287.37(225.00~362.29) 299.00(239.00~370.13) 271.00(218.00~348.00) -2.868 0.004
    ALT(U/L) 30.50(19.75~53.00) 32.00(20.00~53.00) 30.00(19.00~53.00) -0.457 0.648
    AST(U/L) 38.00(27.00~64.00) 36.00(25.00~57.00) 43.00(29.00~73.00) 2.585 0.010
    GGT(U/L) 63.00(30.00~135.25) 63.00(31.00~123.00) 64.00(28.00~143.00) 0.185 0.853
    INR 1.20(1.07~1.39) 1.13(1.03~1.25) 1.30(1.15~1.60) 8.324 <0.001
    ALP(U/L) 110.50(78.00~170.00) 104.00(76.00~145.00) 118.00(80.00~197.00) 2.262 0.024
    MELD评分(分) 10.19(7.90~14.47) 8.85(7.29~11.48) 12.78(9.27~16.61) 8.518 <0.001
    MELD-Na评分(分) 10.47(8.02~15.17) 9.02(7.40~12.00) 13.13(9.47~18.46) 8.575 <0.001
    MELD 3.0评分(分) 10.58(8.11~16.30) 8.98(7.33~12.77) 14.00(9.74~18.86) 8.806 <0.001

    注:BMI,体重指数;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;GGT,γ-谷氨酰转移酶;INR,国际标准化比值;ALP,碱性磷酸酶;MELD,终末期肝病模型。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  3.   Multivariate Logistic regression analysis

    指标 β SE Wald P OR 95%CI
    血红蛋白 -0.016 0.008 4.224 0.040 0.984 0.969~0.999
    淋巴细胞 -0.573 0.198 8.414 0.004 0.564 0.383~0.830
    INR 1.141 0.472 5.854 0.016 3.131 1.242~7.891
    血清钠 -0.081 0.028 8.155 0.004 0.922 0.872~0.975

    注:INR,国际标准化比值;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2026-01-13
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  • 出版日期:  2026-06-25
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