Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with recurrence after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography( ERCP) and cholecystolithotomy and related risk factors.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients with common bile duct stones who visited our hospital from January 2013 to June 2015 and underwent ERCP and cholecystolithotomy.A total of 292 patients were enrolled,and according to the presence or absence of recurrence of common bile duct stones,these patients were divided into recurrence group with 31 patients and non- recurrence group with 261 patients.The clinical data including age,sex,body mass index( BMI),and the conditions of the biliary tract and bile duct stones were compared between the two groups.The chi- square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups,and the binary logistic regression was used for the analysis of factors that were screened out.Results There were significant differences in the proportions of patients with a number of stones ≥2 or bile duct diameter ≥14 mm between the two groups( χ~2= 4.80 and 5.61,both P < 0.05).A previous history of cholecystectomy was an independent risk factor for the recurrence of common bile duct stones( OR = 20.10,95% CI:4.11- 98.25,P < 0.05).Conclusion A previous history of cholecystectomy increases the risk of recurrence of common bile duct stones after ERCP.