PDF下载 ( 282 KB)
Clinical features of rebleeding after secondary prevention for esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension
-
摘要:
目的分析食管胃静脉曲张出血不同二级预防措施后再出血的临床表现、急诊内镜诊治情况及预后。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年4月解放军总医院第五医学中心食管胃静脉曲张出血二级预防后（内镜、外科、介入预防）再出血行急诊内镜诊治的254例患者临床资料，对照同期单纯药物二级预防再出血的419例患者，观察临床特点，对比分析异同。正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用方差分析；非正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验；进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni法。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果254例二级预防后再出血的患者中，有144例（56.69%）曾行内镜预防，40例（15.75%）行手术预防，33例（12.99%）行介入预防，37例（14.57%）联合预防以内镜联合其他预防措施为主。分析出血距最近一次预防时间，手术预防组有5750%再出血患者距预防时间在5年以上，介入预防组有69.70%发生在经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后的1年内。内镜和联合预防组的患者再出血，分别有40.28%和35.14%发生在预防结束的1年内。再出血时，介入预防组和联合预防组的肝性脑病发生率显著高于其他组（P值均＜0.001），介入预防组的腹水情况较其他组控制显著（P值均＜0.05）。各组再出血时多项临床指标均存在显著性差异(P值均＜0.001)，两两比较提示，内镜预防组的血红蛋白和白蛋白显著高于手术组（P值分别为＜0.001、0.001）和药物预防组（P值分别为0.001、＜0.001）。手术组的血小板水平显著高于介入组（P=0.037）、联合预防组（P＜0.001）和药物预防组（P=0.012）。药物预防组的总胆红素水平显著高于内镜组（P=0.037）、介入组（P=0.025）和联合预防组（P＜0.001）；手术预防组的肌酐水平显著低于其他组（P值均＜0.05）；联合预防组的凝血功能（凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比值）显著优于药物组（P值均=0.002）。药物预防组的活动性出血比例（68.02%）显著高于内镜组（P＜0.001）、介入组（P=0.004）和联合预防组（P=0.008）。手术预防组和药物预防组的食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血比例显著高于其他组（P值均＜0.05）。介入预防组的消化性溃疡出血比例显著高于其他组（P值均＜0.05）。药物预防组的内镜治疗不满意率和失败率显著高于内镜组（P＜0.001）、介入组（P=0.007）和联合预防组（P＜0.001）。药物预防组的42 d内再出血率和病死率均显著高于其他组（P值均＜0.05）。结论介入、内镜或联合二级预防，较单纯的药物预防能显著减轻食管胃静脉曲张再出血的程度，提高急诊内镜止血率，显著降低42 d内再出血率和死亡率。需考虑不同二级预防后再出血的临床特点，对食管胃静脉曲张出血二级预防后再出血患者实施个体化治疗。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical manifestations, emergency endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of rebleeding after different secondary prevention measures for esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 254 patients with rebleeding after secondary prevention (endoscopic therapy, surgical treatment, or interventional prevention) for esophagogastric variceal bleeding who underwent emergency endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to April 2019, and 419 patients who received medication alone for the prevention of rebleeding during the same period of time were enrolled as controls. Clinical features were observed and compared between groups. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data with heterogeneity of variance between groups. The least significant difference Bonferroni test was used for further comparison between two groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsAmong the 254 patients with rebleeding after secondary prevention, 144 (56.69%) received endoscopic prevention, 40 (15.75%) received surgical prevention, 33 (12.99%) received interventional prevention, and 37(14.57%) received prevention with endoscopy combined with other prevention measures. As for the time from last prevention to bleeding, 57.50% in the surgical prevention group had a time of more than 5 years, and 69.70% in the interventional prevention group experienced bleeding within 1 year after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; 40.28% in the endoscopic prevention group and 35.14% in the combined prevention group experienced rebleeding within 1 year after prevention ended. During rebleeding, the interventional prevention group and the combined prevention group had a significantly higher incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy than the other groups (all P＜0.001), and the interventional prevention group had significantly better controlled ascites than the other groups (all P＜0.05). There were significant differences in various clinical indices between these groups during rebleeding (all P＜0.001), and the endoscopic prevention group had significantly higher levels of hemoglobin and albumin than the surgical prevention group (P＜0.001 and P=0.001) and the medication prevention group (P=0.001 and P＜0.001). The surgical prevention group had a significantly higher platelet count than the interventional prevention group (P=0.037), the combined prevention group (P＜0.001), and the medication prevention group (P=0.012). The medication prevention group had a significantly higher level of bilirubin than the endoscopic prevention group (P=0.037), the interventional prevention group (P=0.025), and the combined prevention group (P＜0.001); the surgical prevention group had a significantly higher level of creatinine than the other four groups (all P＜0.05); the combined prevention group had significantly better coagulation parameters prothrombin time and international normalized ratio than the medication prevention group (both P=0.002). The medication prevention group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with active bleeding than the endoscopic prevention group (P＜0.001), the interventional prevention group (P=0.004), and the combined prevention group (P=0.008). The surgical prevention group and the medication prevention group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding than the other groups (all P＜0.05), and the interventional prevention group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with peptic ulcer and bleeding than the other four groups (all P＜0.05). The medication prevention group had significantly higher dissatisfaction rate and failure rate of endoscopic treatment than the endoscopic prevention group (P＜0.001), the interventional prevention group (P=0.007), and the combined prevention group (P＜0.001). The medication prevention group had significantly higher rebleeding rate and mortality rate within 42 days than the other four groups (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Compared with medication prevention alone, interventional prevention, endoscopic prevention, or combined secondary prevention can significantly alleviate the degree of esophagogastric variceal rebleeding, improve the hemostatic rate of emergency endoscopy, and significantly reduce rebleeding rate and mortality rate within 42 days. The clinical features of rebleeding after different secondary prevention measures should be considered to perform individualized treatment of patients with rebleeding after secondary prevention for esophagogastric variceal bleeding.
-
[1]GARCA-PAGN JC,REVERTER E,ABRALDES JG,et al.Acute variceal bleeding[J].Semin Respir Crit Care Med,2012,33(1):46-54． [2]Chinese Society of Hepatology,Chinese Medical Association;Chinese Society of Gastroenteroloty,Chinese Medical Association;Chinese Society of Endoscopy,Chinese Medical Association.Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension[J].J Clin Hepatol,2016,32(2):203-219.(in Chinese)中华医学会肝病学分会，中华医学会消化病学分会，中华医学会内镜学分会．肝硬化门静脉高压食管胃静脉曲张出血的防治指南[J]．临床肝胆病杂志，2016,32(2):203-219． [3]Portal Hypertension Group,Chinese Society of Surgery,Chinese Medical Association.Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension[J].Chin J Pract Surg,2015,35 (10):1086-1090.(in Chinese)中华医学会外科学分会门静脉高压症学组．肝硬化门静脉高压症食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血诊治专家共识(2015)[J]．中国实用外科杂志，2015,35(10):1086-1090． [4]Interventional Group,Chinese Society of Radiology,Chinese Medical Association.Expert consensus on transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt[J].J Clin Hepatol,2017,33 (7):1218-1228.(in Chinese)中华医学会放射学分会介入学组．经颈静脉肝内门体分流术专家共识[J]．临床肝胆病杂志，2017,33(7):1218-1228． [5]DENG H,QI XS,GUO XZ.UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients (2015):An excerpt of recommendations[J].J Clin Hepatol,2015,31 (6):852-854.(in Chinese)邓晗，祁兴顺，郭晓钟．《2015年英国肝硬化静脉曲张出血防治指南》摘译[J]．临床肝胆病杂志，2015,31(6):852-854． [6]CHENG LF,LI CZ.A multi-center survey of esophagogastic variceal bleeding in China[J].J Clin Hepatol,2012,28 (6):462-464.(in Chinese)程留芳，李长政．全国多中心食管胃静脉曲张出血调查[J]．临床肝胆病杂志，2012,28(6):462-464． [7]Chinese Society of Hepatology,Chinese Medical Association.Chinese guidelines on the management of liver cirrhosis[J].JClin Hepatol,2019,35(11):2408-2425.(in Chinese)中华医学会肝病学分会．肝硬化诊治指南[J]．临床肝胆病杂志，2019,35(11):2408-2425． [8] Chinese Society of Spleen and Portal Hypertension Surgery,Chinese Society of Surgery,Chinese Medical Association.Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension (2019edition)[J].Chin J Dig Surg,2019,18 (12):1087-1093.(in Chinese)中华医学会外科学分会脾及门静脉高压外科学组．肝硬化门静脉高压症食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血诊治专家共识(2019版)[J]．中华消化外科杂志，2019,18(12):1087-1093． [9]LEE SW,LEE TY,CHANG CS.Independent factors associated with recurrent bleeding in cirrhotic patients with esophageal variceal hemorrhage[J].Dig Dis Sci,2009,54(5):1128-1134． [10]CHEN LG,YE ZS,REN JL,et al.The short-term effect and saftety analysis of endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation[J].Jilin Med J,2014,35(34):7586-7588.(in Chinese)陈立刚，叶震世，任建林，等．内镜食管静脉曲张套扎术的短期疗效和安全性分析[J]．吉林医学，2014,35(34):7586-7588． [11]CAO YJ,PAN YM,BAO SH,et al.Analysis of prognostic factors of portal hypertension treated with devascularization[J].Chin J Surg,2016,54(6):434-438.(in Chinese)曹亚娟，潘一明，包善华，等．断流术治疗门静脉高压症的预后影响因素分析[J]．中华外科杂志，2016,54(6):434-438． [12]ZENG DB,DI L,DING J,et al.Clinical efficacy of devascularization in treatment of esophageal and gastric varices in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension[J/CD].Chin J Hepat Surg:Electronic Edition,2019,8(4):306-310.(in Chinese)曾道炳，邸亮，丁兢，等．断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症食管胃静脉曲张疗效[J/CD]．中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志，2019,8(4):306-310． [13]LING WM,LI HF,HUANG QL.Effect of splenectomy combined with pericardial vascular dissection on liver function and hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis of the portal vein[J/CD].Chin Arch Gen Surg (Electronic Edition),2018,12(2):115-119.(in Chinese)凌伟明，李鸿飞，黄庆录．脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术对肝硬化门静脉高压症患者肝功能及血流动力学的影响[J/CD]．中华普通外科学文献(电子版)，2018,12(2):115-119． [14]TAN J,ZHOU M,DENG QZ,et al.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension:A 2-year clinical outcomes surveillance study[J].Zhejiang Med J,2019,41(11):1138-1142.(in Chinese)谭俊，周密，邓勤智，等．经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血2年生存分析[J]．浙江医学，2019,41(11):1138-1142. 期刊类型引用(5)
1. 黄学，姜志勇，贾秋红. 内镜套扎术分别联合组织溶胶“三明治”注射及聚桂醇注射治疗EVB的效果及安全性对比. 临床和实验医学杂志. 2023(22): 2387-2391 . 
百度学术2. 王永朝，王媛，陈晓露，原姗姗. 内镜下套扎联合卡维地洛治疗食管静脉曲张再出血的临床效果. 临床医学研究与实践. 2022(06): 40-43 . 百度学术3. 陈敬成. 内镜下硬化剂联合组织胶注射治疗门静脉高压合并食管胃静脉曲张的疗效及排胶再出血率观察. 医学信息. 2022(08): 159-161 . 百度学术4. 夏艺，张姵，蔡润生，姜兴超，郑勇. 三种评分系统对肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者短期预后的预测价值比较. 中西医结合肝病杂志. 2022(06): 558-562 . 百度学术5. 朱思奇，赵祥安，王甦. 肝硬化伴食管胃底静脉曲张出血的影响因素及3种模型对再出血的预测价值. 实用临床医药杂志. 2021(16): 49-53 . 百度学术其他类型引用(6)
-
百度学术
本文二维码
计量
- 文章访问数: 1439
- HTML全文浏览量: 23
- PDF下载量: 195
- 被引次数: 11
下载:
