Guideline for ultrasonic diagnosis of liver diseases
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摘要: 超声检查无创、实时、价廉,无辐射、便于反复进行,是最常用的肝脏影像学检查方法。近年来,超声检查新技术如超声造影、弹性成像发展迅速,可有效鉴别肝内占位性病变性质、评估肝纤维化和门静脉高压程度以及监测肝病治疗效果,在临床肝病及其介入治疗中发挥重要诊断价值。本指南规范了肝病多模态超声技术(灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声、超声造影、弹性超声)检查的仪器调置、患者准备及医生检查方法;对肝脏弥漫性病变(炎性病变、纤维化、硬化)、多种占位性病变及肝病介入操作的多模态超声技术诊断标准进行了定义和规范,同时推荐了超声监测周期及肝脏疾病超声诊断报告书写规范。Abstract: Ultrasound is a non-invasive, real-time, inexpensive, radiation-free and easily repeatable method, usually used for liver imaging. In recent years, new ultrasound examination techniques for liver diseases such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography have been rapidly developed, which can effectively identify intrahepatic space-occupying lesions, assess the degree of liver fibrosis and portal hypertension, and monitor the effects of treatment. Therefore, these technologies play an important diagnostic role in clinical liver diseases and have therapeutic interventional value. This guideline classifies the instrument set-up, patient preparation, and physician examination methods through multimodal ultrasound examinations (gray-scale ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastic ultrasound) for liver diseases. In addition, liver diseases multimodal ultrasound technology diagnostic criteria for diffuse hepatic lesions (inflammatory lesions, fibrosis, and sclerosis), multiple space-occupying lesions, and interventional procedures have been defined and standardized. Concurrently, we also recommend the ultrasound monitoring time interval and diagnostic report writing standard for liver diseases.
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Key words:
- Liver /
- Liver Fibrosis /
- Liver Cirrhosis /
- Diagnosis /
- Ultrasound /
- Liver Space Occupying Lesion /
- Practice Guidelines as Topic
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表 1 慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化超声表现与病理Scheuer标准进行肝纤维化分期诊断的对应
病理分级 超声特征 S0 肝大小正常,包膜光滑,肝实质回声均匀或稍增粗,肝脏下缘角锐利,血管走向清晰,不伴脾肿大 S1 肝大小正常,包膜光滑,肝实质回声增粗,肝脏下缘角锐利,血管走向清晰,不伴脾肿大 S2 肝大小尚可,包膜尚光滑,肝实质回声明显增粗、增强,分布不均匀,可见增粗增亮的线状结构,即“条索样”。肝脏脏面边缘毛糙不平,血管走向尚清晰,不伴脾肿大 S3 肝大小尚可或稍小,包膜不光滑、粗糙,肝实质回声明显增粗、增强不均匀伴或不伴结节,肝脏脏面边缘凹凸不平,血管末梢模糊,伴或不伴脾肿大 S4 肝脏缩小,包膜波浪状,肝实质回声明显增粗增强不均匀、斑片状、伴或不伴结节,肝脏脏面边缘波浪状,血管狭窄粗细不等,伴或不伴脾肿大 表 2 超声弹性成像检查报告
肝硬度测值: 肝脏炎症活动度测值: 脂肪变性声衰减测值: 综合评估结果:
纤维化程度:
F0□ F1□ F2□ F3□ F4□
炎症活动度:
正常/A0□ 轻度/A1□ 中度/A2□ 重度/A3□
脂肪变性程度:
无□ 轻度(<33%)□ 中度(<33%~66%)□
重度(>66%)□注:(1)病理分期参照METAVIR肝硬化/肝纤维化分期;(2)以上检测值需结合设备配置的检测方法,结果需结合国际指南及设备推荐指标;(3)肝硬度测值可能受黄疸、腹水、肠气、肥胖等多种因素影响,仅供临床医生评估时参考。