Mechanism of autophagy in the development and progression of autoimmune hepatitis
-
摘要: 细胞自噬是机体细胞组织的自我防御和自我修复的过程,在调节机体的免疫炎症反应和维持肝细胞内环境平衡中发挥重要作用。从自噬调节免疫炎症反应、自噬调节免疫信号传导和防止过度激活的先天免疫反应方面,总结自噬在自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)发生发展中的作用机制。认为从细胞自噬角度可能揭示AIH的作用机制,为AIH的研究提供新思路和新方法。Abstract: Autophagy is a process of self-defense and self-repair of cells and tissues and plays an important role in regulating the body's immune inflammatory response and maintaining the homeostasis of liver cells. This article summarizes the mechanism of autophagy in the development and progression of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) from the aspects of the role of autophagy in regulating immune inflammatory response, regulating immune signal transduction, and preventing overactivated innate immune response. It is believed that autophagy may reveal the mechanism of AIH and provide new ideas and methods for the research on AIH.
-
Key words:
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune /
- Autophagy /
- Immunity, Innate
-
[1] GATSELIS NK, ZACHOU K, KOUKOULIS GK, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis, one disease with many faces: Etiopathogenetic, clinico-laboratory and histological characteristics[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(1): 60-83. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.60. [2] BÖTTCHER K, ROMBOUTS K, SAFFIOTI F, et al. MAIT cells are chronically activated in patients with autoimmune liver disease and promote profibrogenic hepatic stellate cell activation[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 68(1): 172-186. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29782. [3] FLOREANI A, RESTREPO-JIMÉNEZ P, SECCHI MF, et al. Etiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis[J]. J Autoimmun, 2018, 95: 133-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.020. [4] SHARIFF MI, MAGGS J, HENEGHAN MA. Mortality and the risk of malignancy in autoimmune liver diseases: A population-based study in Canterbury, New Zealand[J]. Hepatology, 2013, 57(4): 1677. DOI: 10.1002/hep.25963. [5] GUHE V, SONI B, INGALE P, et al. Autophagy proteins and its homeostasis in cellular environment[J]. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol, 2021, 123: 73-93. DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.12.002. [6] LEE KW, THIYAGARAJAN V, SIE HW, et al. Synergistic effect of natural compounds on the fatty acid-induced autophagy of activated hepatic stellate cells[J]. J Nutr Biochem, 2014, 25(9): 903-913. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.04.001. [7] CHUNG Y, RAHIM MN, GRAHAM JJ, et al. An update on the pharmacological management of autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2021, 22(11): 1475-1488. DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1895747. [8] AN HAACK I, DERKOW K, RIEHN M, et al. The role of regulatory CD4 T cells in maintaining tolerance in a mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(11): e0143715. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143715. [9] SZEKERCZÉS T, GÓGL A, ILLYÉS I, et al. Autophagy, mitophagy and microRNA expression in chronic hepatitis C and autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Pathol Oncol Res, 2020, 26(4): 2143-2151. DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00799-y. [10] TINIAKOS DG, BRAIN JG, BURY YA. Role of histopathology in autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Dig Dis, 2015, 33(Suppl 2): 53-64. DOI: 10.1159/000440747. [11] ZHUANG Y, LI Y, LI X, et al. Atg7 knockdown augments concanavalin a-induced acute hepatitis through an ROS-mediated p38/MAPK pathway[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(3): e0149754. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149754. [12] PUA HH, DZHAGALOV I, CHUCK M, et al. A critical role for the autophagy gene Atg5 in T cell survival and proliferation[J]. J Exp Med, 2007, 204(1): 25-31. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20061303. [13] PERL A, FERNANDEZ D, TELARICO T, et al. Endogenous retroviral pathogenesis in lupus[J]. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2010, 22(5): 483-492. DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32833c6297. [14] WEINDEL CG, RICHEY LJ, BOLLAND S, et al. B cell autophagy mediates TLR7-dependent autoimmunity and inflammation[J]. Autophagy, 2015, 11(7): 1010-1024. DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1052206. [15] FAN X, MEN R, HUANG C, et al. Critical roles of conventional dendritic cells in autoimmune hepatitis via autophagy regulation[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2020, 11(1): 23. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2217-6. [16] LI Y, TANG Y, WANG S, et al. Endogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate T cell-mediated hepatitis via autophagy activation[J]. Front Immunol, 2016, 7: 350. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00350. [17] CUI B, LIN H, YU J, et al. Autophagy and the immune response[J]. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2019, 1206: 595-634. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_27. [18] GOLBABAPOUR S, BAGHERI-LANKARANI K, GHAVAMI S, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis and stellate cells: An insight into the role of autophagy[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2020, 27(35): 6073-6095. DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190402120231. [19] YANG Z, KLIONSKY DJ. Mammalian autophagy: Core molecular machinery and signaling regulation[J]. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2010, 22(2): 124-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014. [20] JUNG CH, RO SH, CAO J, et al. mTOR regulation of autophagy[J]. FEBS Lett, 2010, 584(7): 1287-1295. DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.01.017. [21] CAI SL, TEE AR, SHORT JD, et al. Activity of TSC2 is inhibited by AKT-mediated phosphorylation and membrane partitioning[J]. J Cell Biol, 2006, 173(2): 279-289. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200507119. [22] KERKAR N, DUGAN C, RUMBO C, et al. Rapamycin successfully treats post-transplant autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Am J Transplant, 2005, 5(5): 1085-1089. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00801.x. [23] AGARWAL S, TIWARI SK, SETH B, et al. Activation of autophagic flux against xenoestrogen bisphenol-a-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration via AMP kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways[J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290(34): 21163-21184. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M115.648998. [24] HAN JH, PARK HS, LEE DH, et al. Regulation of autophagy by controlling Erk1/2 and mTOR for platelet-derived growth factor-BB-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype shift[J]. Life Sci, 2021, 267: 118978. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118978. [25] FAN X, MEN R, WANG H, et al. Methylprednisolone decreases mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagy dysfunction in hepatocytes of experimental autoimmune hepatitis model via the Akt/mTOR signaling[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2019, 10: 1189. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01189. [26] LI S, XIA Y, CHEN K, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting BNIP3[J]. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2016, 10: 631-647. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S99420. [27] WU L, WANG C, LI J, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of quercetin via TRAF6/JNK pathway in acute hepatitis[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 96: 1137-1146. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.109. [28] YU Q, LIU T, LI S, et al. The protective effects of levo-tetrahydropalmatine on ConA-induced liver injury are via TRAF6/JNK signaling[J]. Mediators Inflamm, 2018, 2018: 4032484. DOI: 10.1155/2018/4032484. [29] XU S, WU L, ZHANG Q, et al. Pretreatment with propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate ameliorated concanavalin A-induced liver injury by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway in mice[J]. Life Sci, 2017, 185: 103-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.033. [30] LI J, XIA Y, LIU T, et al. Protective effects of astaxanthin on ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis by the JNK/p-JNK pathway-mediated inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3): e0120440. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120440. [31] NAKAHIRA K, HASPEL JA, RATHINAM VA, et al. Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome[J]. Nat Immunol, 2011, 12(3): 222-230. DOI: 10.1038/ni.1980. [32] ZHONG Z, UMEMURA A, SANCHEZ-LOPEZ E, et al. NF-κB restricts inflammasome activation via elimination of damaged mitochondria[J]. Cell, 2016, 164(5): 896-910. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.057. [33] TRAVASSOS LH, CARNEIRO LA, RAMJEET M, et al. Nod1 and Nod2 direct autophagy by recruiting ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the site of bacterial entry[J]. Nat Immunol, 2010, 11(1): 55-62. DOI: 10.1038/ni.1823. [34] CORREA RG, MILUTINOVIC S, REED JC. Roles of NOD1 (NLRC1) and NOD2 (NLRC2) in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases[J]. Biosci Rep, 2012, 32(6): 597-608. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20120055. [35] FENG Q, YAO J, ZHOU G, et al. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that arctigenin alleviates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis through suppressing immune system and regulating autophagy[J]. Front Immunol, 2018, 9: 1881. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01881. [36] WANG YQ, LI XY, YANG L, et al. Expression of autophagy gene in PBMCs and correlation between Th17/CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg cells and liver function in autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Chin J Lab Diagn, 2020, 24(6): 934-940. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4287.2020.06.013.汪永强, 李显勇, 杨琳, 等. 自身免疫肝炎患者外周血PBMCs自噬基因表达及Th17/CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg细胞与肝脏功能相关性研究[J]. 中国实验诊断学, 2020, 24(6): 934-940. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4287.2020.06.013.
本文二维码
计量
- 文章访问数: 440
- HTML全文浏览量: 85
- PDF下载量: 31
- 被引次数: 0