细胞焦亡在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的作用

尹静亚; 杨冰清; 李越

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.01.027

细胞焦亡在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的作用

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.01.027

尹静亚^a,
杨冰清^a,
李越^b, , ,

a.
首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院肝病中心，北京 100015
b.
首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院病理科，北京 100015

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 (82000555)

利益冲突声明：所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。

作者贡献声明：尹静亚负责论文参考文献查阅及撰文；杨冰清参与论文修改；李越负责综述构架制订，论文审校及最后定稿。

详细信息

通信作者:
李越, liyuedl04@126.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-7412-7632)

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-02
- 录用日期: 2022-07-25
- 出版日期: 2023-01-20

Role of pyroptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Jingya YIN^a,
Bingqing YANG^a,
Yue LI^{b
, ,
,}

a.
Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
b.
Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China

Research funding:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82000555)

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Yue, liyuedl04@126.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-7412-7632)

摘要

摘要: 细胞焦亡作为一种新型的细胞死亡方式，在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)中扮演着重要角色，对细胞焦亡的研究有助于NAFLD治疗新靶点的挖掘。本文从细胞焦亡的研究背景及机制和细胞焦亡在NAFLD中的作用两方面对细胞焦亡的研究进展进行综述，尤其对GSDME、caspase-11等细胞焦亡执行分子，以及AIM2等既往关注较少的炎性小体的功能作用进行了阐释。
- 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 /
- 细胞焦亡 /
- 炎性体
Abstract: As a novel mode of cell death, pyroptosis plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the research on pyroptosis may help to explore new therapeutic targets for NAFLD. This article reviews the advances in pyroptosis from the research background and mechanism of pyroptosis and the role of pyroptosis in NAFLD and elaborates on the pyroptosis execution molecules such as GSDME and caspase-11 and the function of inflammasomes including AIM2.
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease /
- Pyroptosis /
- Inflammasomes

HTML全文

图 1 细胞焦亡及其阻断剂在NAFLD中的调控机制示意图

注：Apaf-1，凋亡酶激活因子-1；AIM2，一种DNA感受器；ASC，凋亡相关斑点样蛋白；DAMP，损伤相关分子模式；dsDNA，双链DNA；GSDMD-N，GSDMD的N端结构域；GSDME-N，GSDME的N端结构域；LPS，细菌脂多糖；MPT，线粒体通透性转换；MCP-1，单核细胞趋化蛋白-1；PAMP，病原相关分子模式；pro-caspase-1，前半胱天冬酶-1；TXNIP，硫氧还蛋白结合蛋白。虚线箭头：表示尚未有证据显示参与NAFLD的过程。

Figure 1. The regulatory mechanism diagram of pyroptosis and its blocker in NAFLD

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 程序性死亡之间的区别

Table 1. The difference between procedural deaths

类别	诱因	主要机制	细胞形态	细胞膜	细胞器	细胞核
细胞焦亡	病理性或损伤性因素	caspase-1/4/5/11切割GSDMD在质膜成孔，导致细胞裂解	肿胀变形	破裂	变形	变化不明显
细胞凋亡	生理条件下基因调控	由caspase-3/6/7/8/9/10等激活所介导细胞死亡	皱缩，可见凋亡小体	完好	完整	固缩
细胞自噬	营养缺乏或应激	细胞形成自噬体包裹细胞内成分转移至溶酶体进行消化，使细胞死亡	内可见自噬泡	完好	被自噬体包裹后在溶酶体中消化	变化不明显
坏死性凋亡	病理性或损伤性因素	外来刺激激活RIPK1-PIPK3-MLKL通路或PIPK3-MLKL通路，在质膜打孔导致细胞裂解	肿胀变形	破裂	肿胀	被分解
铁死亡	铁和活性氧(ROS)蓄积	谷胱甘肽过氧化酶4受抑制或在二价铁和酯氧合酶作用下，脂质发生过氧化，诱导细胞死亡	内可见气球样表型	破裂	线粒体体积减小、双层膜密度增加、外膜破裂、线粒体嵴消失	变化不明显
NETosis	细菌、真菌感染	外界刺激诱导中性粒细胞内NE、MPO、PAD4等蛋白表达，促进胞质和细胞核成分融合，并随着细胞破裂在细胞外形成NET捕获网，以捕获和杀死病原体	有NET捕获网形成	破裂	被挤压成网状结构	核膜溶解，染色质和组蛋白形成NET捕获网

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