术前氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)与肝移植术后急性肾损伤的关系探讨
DOI: 10.12449/JCH240823
Association between preoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and acute kidney injury after liver transplantation
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摘要:
目的 探究术前氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)与肝移植术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的关系,明确肝移植术后AKI发生的影响因素,为早期预防肝移植术后AKI的发生提供诊断学参考指标。 方法 回顾性收集吉林大学第一医院2020年9月13日—2022年6月30日行肝移植手术的成年患者病历资料。根据肝移植术后是否发生AKI将患者分为AKI组和非AKI组,采用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)按照1∶4匹配两组患者基本信息。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。通过多因素Logistic回归分析肝移植术后AKI发生的独立危险因素。 结果 共纳入144例肝移植患者,术后发生AKI者22例(15.3%),未发生AKI者122例(84.7%)。经PSM平衡后共纳入93例患者,其中AKI组19例,非AKI组74例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前NT-proBNP水平(OR=7.692,95%CI:1.473~40.159,P=0.016)、术前纤维蛋白原水平(OR=5.520,95%CI:1.160~26.267,P=0.032)、手术时长(OR=15.802,95%CI:2.418~103.268,P=0.004)和术中出血量(OR=13.246,95%CI:2.291~76.594,P=0.004)是肝移植术后患者发生AKI的独立危险因素。 结论 术前NT-proBNP水平可作为肝移植术后AKI发生的预测指标,同时能够为构建肝移植术后AKI的风险预测模型提供一定的参考价值。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the association between preoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation (LT), to clarify the influencing factors for AKI after liver transplantation, and to provide diagnostic reference indicators for the early prevention of AKI after LT. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical records of the adult patients who underwent LT in The First Hospital of Jilin University from September 13, 2020 to June 30, 2022, and according to the presence or absence of AKI after LT, the patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to match the basic information of the two groups at a ratio of 1∶4. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for AKI after LT. Results A total of 144 patients were included in this study, among whom 22 (15.3%) developed AKI after surgery and 122 (84.7%) did not develop postoperative AKI. A total of 93 patients were included after PSM, with 19 patients in the AKI group and 74 patients in the non-AKI group. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative NT-proBNP (odds ratio [OR]=7.692, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.473 — 40.159, P=0.016), preoperative fibrinogen level (OR=5.520, 95%CI: 1.160 — 26.267, P=0.032), time of operation (OR=15.802, 95%CI: 2.418 — 103.268, P=0.004), and intraoperative blood loss (OR=13.246, 95%CI: 2.291 — 76.594, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for AKI after LT. Conclusion Preoperative NT-proBNP level may be used as a predictive factor for AKI after LT and can provide a certain reference for establishing a risk predictive model for AKI after LT. -
Key words:
- Acute Kidney Injury /
- Liver Transplantation /
- NT-proBNP /
- Risk Factors
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表 1 PSM前AKI组与非AKI组基本情况比较
Table 1. Comparison of the basic situation of the AKI and the non-AKI groups before PSM
项目 非AKI组(n=122) AKI组(n=22) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 49.48±8.07 60.55±10.56 t=-5.627 0.001 性别[例(%)] χ2=0.970 0.325 男 95(77.9) 15(68.2) 女 27(22.1) 7(31.8) BMI(kg/m2) 22.80±3.29 24.73±3.33 t=-2.535 0.012 血型[例(%)] χ2=0.445 0.931 A型 37(30.3) 6(27.3) B型 39(32.0) 7(31.8) O型 35(28.7) 6(27.3) AB型 11(9.0) 3(13.6) 合并高血压[例(%)]1) χ2=2.472 0.116 否 114(94.2) 18(81.8) 是 7(5.8) 4(18.2) 合并糖尿病[例(%)]1) χ2=23.069 0.001 否 98(81.0) 7(31.8) 是 23(19.0) 15(68.2) 合并冠心病[例(%)] >0.05 否 119(97.5) 22(100.0) 是 3(2.5) 0(0.0) 合并肺部疾病[例(%)] χ2=0.025 0.875 否 112(91.8) 21(95.5) 是 10(8.2) 1(4.5) 脂肪性肝病[例(%)] χ2=0.420 0.517 否 109(89.3) 18(81.8) 是 13(10.7) 4(18.2) 病毒性肝炎[例(%)] 0.414 甲型 46(37.7) 10(45.5) 乙型 73(59.8) 11(50.0) 丙型 3(2.5) 1(4.5) 自身免疫性肝病[例(%)] χ2=1.443 0.230 否 109(89.3) 22(100.0) 是 13(10.7) 0(0.0) 中毒性肝病[例(%)] χ2=0.014 0.905 否 115(94.3) 20(90.9) 是 7(5.7) 2(9.1) 其他病因[例(%)] χ2=1.195 0.274 否 108(88.5) 17(77.3) 是 14(11.5) 5(22.7) 既往腹部手术史[例(%)] χ2=2.317 0.128 否 103(84.4) 15(68.2) 是 19(15.6) 7(31.8) 合并肝性脑病[例(%)] χ2=2.262 0.133 否 107(87.7) 16(72.7) 是 15(12.3) 6(27.3) 注:1),非AKI组在数据收集过程中1例患者缺失此项数据。
表 2 PSM后AKI组与非AKI组基本情况比较
Table 2. Comparison of the basic situation of the AKI and the non-AKI groups after PSM
项目 非AKI组(n=74) AKI组(n=19) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 49.64±8.72 51.42±6.27 t=-0.838 0.404 性别[例(%)] χ2=0.228 0.633 男 57(77.0) 13(68.4) 女 17(23.0) 6(31.6) BMI(kg/m2) 22.66±2.93 23.23±1.76 t=-0.800 0.426 血型[例(%)] χ2=0.006 >0.05 A型 20(27.0) 5(26.3) B型 23(31.1) 6(31.6) O型 23(31.1) 6(31.6) AB型 8(10.8) 2(10.5) 合并高血压[例(%)] χ2=2.928 0.087 否 70(94.6) 15(78.9) 是 4(5.4) 4(21.1) 合并糖尿病[例(%)] χ2=1.847 0.174 否 60(81.1) 12(63.2) 是 14(18.9) 7(36.8) 合并冠心病[例(%)] >0.05 否 72(97.3) 19(100.0) 是 2(2.7) 0(0.0) 合并肺部疾病[例(%)] χ2=0.000 >0.05 否 70(94.6) 18(94.7) 是 4(5.4) 1(5.3) 脂肪性肝病[例(%)] χ2=0.000 >0.05 否 64(86.5) 16(84.2) 是 10(13.5) 3(15.8) 病毒性肝炎[例(%)] 0.368 甲型 30(40.5) 10(52.6) 乙型 42(56.8) 8(42.1) 丙型 2(2.7) 1(5.3) 自身免疫性肝病[例(%)] χ2=0.822 0.365 否 67(90.5) 19(100.0) 是 7(9.5) 0(0.0) 中毒性肝病[例(%)] χ2=0.000 >0.05 否 70(94.6) 18(94.7) 是 4(5.4) 1(5.3) 其他病因[例(%)] χ2=1.391 0.238 否 65(87.8) 14(73.7) 是 9(12.2) 5(26.3) 既往腹部手术史[例(%)] χ2=0.647 0.421 否 66(89.2) 15(78.9) 是 8(10.8) 4(21.1) 合并肝性脑病[例(%)] χ2=0.093 0.761 否 63(85.1) 15(78.9) 是 11(14.9) 4(21.1) 表 3 PSM后AKI组与非AKI组围手术期临床资料比较
Table 3. Comparison of perioperative clinical data of the AKI and the non-AKI groups after PSM
项目 非AKI组(n=74) AKI组(n=19) 统计值 P值 术前临床资料 eGFR(mL·min-1·1.73m-2) 112.13±13.88 109.66±12.91 t=1.721 0.087 BUN(mmol/L) 4.84±1.88 5.26±2.11 t=-0.842 0.402 Scr(μmol/L) 58.77±14.98 65.57±14.37 t=-1.780 0.078 TBil(μmol/L) 47.15(23.45~164.20) 54.90(38.50~188.00) Z=-1.077 0.282 AST(U/L) 40.25(29.33~74.43) 44.70(39.10~61.20) Z=-0.634 0.526 ALT(U/L) 22.70(17.15~41.50) 26.80(17.20~39.00) Z=-0.400 0.689 白蛋白(g/L) 109.93±47.62 129.47±60.96 t=-1.503 0.136 血红蛋白(g/L) 101.18±29.63 110.05±26.53 t=-1.187 0.238 血小板(109/L) 55.00(39.00~81.25) 64.00(43.00~126.00) Z=-1.452 0.146 CRP(mg/L) 8.92(3.26~18.41) 8.69(3.07~23.58) Z=-1.306 0.192 NT-proBNP(pg/mL) 89.60(53.65~164.25) 388.90(319.00~454.00) Z=-5.584 0.001 纤维蛋白原(g/L) 1.93±0.81 1.13±0.40 t=4.205 <0.001 INR 1.42±0.31 1.58±0.46 t=-0.610 0.543 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 7.16±2.97 6.88±2.32 t=0.393 0.695 Cl(mmol/L) 104.52±5.17 105.16±5.41 t=-0.478 0.634 Na(mmol/L) 137.83±5.65 137.46±4.49 t=0.267 0.790 Ca(mmol/L) 2.19±0.14 2.14±0.12 t=1.514 0.133 K(mmol/L) 3.87±0.43 4.00±0.43 t=-1.166 0.247 血氨(μmol/L) 38.00(24.75~55.25) 37.00(26.00~55.00) Z=-0.534 0.593 术中临床资料 手术时长(min) 497.77±66.61 595.47±102.99 t=-5.051 0.001 CVP(cmH2O) 10.28±1.89 10.82±2.50 t=-1.051 0.296 MAP(mmHg) 83.30±6.30 84.93±6.31 t=-1.009 0.316 心率(次/min) 83.02±6.84 86.31±7.82 t=-1.819 0.072 输液总量(mL) 6 321.62±1 570.32 7 271.05±2 232.86 t=-1.746 0.094 人血清白蛋白(g) 115.00(97.50~140.00) 130.00(100.00~160.00) Z=-1.584 0.113 红细胞(U) 10.00(5.38~14.00) 14.00(6.00~22.00) Z=-1.902 0.057 血浆(mL) 1 225.00(817.50~1 907.50) 1 720.00(840.00~2 200.00) Z=-1.536 0.124 血小板(U) 1.00(0.00~2.00) 1.00(0.00~1.00) Z=-0.327 0.744 凝血酶原复合物(IU) 500.00(0.00~925.00) 600.00(0.00~1 200.00) Z=-0.716 0.474 纤维蛋白原(g) 1.50(0.00~2.50) 2.00(0.00~2.50) Z=-1.236 0.216 冷沉淀(U) 9.00(0.00~16.38) 10.00(0.00~19.50) Z=-0.730 0.465 自体血(mL) 0.00(0.00~401.25) 0.00(0.00~0.00) Z=-1.046 0.296 出血量(mL) 2 000.00(1 175.00~3 000.00) 3 900.00(3 000.00~6 000.00) Z=-4.506 0.001 尿量(mL) 1 900.00(1 500.00~2 225.00) 1 600.00(1 200.00~2 000.00) Z=-1.533 0.125 麻醉方法[例(%)] >0.05 全凭静脉麻醉 4(5.4) 1(5.3) 静吸复合麻醉 70(94.6) 18(94.7) 吸入麻醉 0(0.0) 0(0.0) ASA分级[例(%)] χ2=1.618 0.445 Ⅱ 3(4.1) 1(5.3) Ⅲ 61(82.4) 12(63.2) Ⅳ 10(13.5) 6(31.6) 麻醉时长(min) 579.41±76.61 634.68±120.32 t=-1.906 0.070 葡萄糖酸钙(g) 0.00(0.00~0.00) 0.00(0.00~1.00) Z=-1.340 0.180 KCl(g) 0.00(0.00~0.00) 0.00(0.00~0.00) Z=-0.246 0.806 CaCl2(g) 2.05(1.43~2.93) 2.10(1.50~2.70) Z=-0.521 0.603 5%碳酸氢钠(mL) 100.00(0.00~170.00) 150.00(70.00~250.00) Z=-1.712 0.087 胰岛素(IU) 0.00(0.00~0.00) 0.00(0.00~0.00) Z=-1.932 0.053 呋塞米(mg) 10.00(0.00~20.00) 20.00(10.00~40.00) Z=-1.460 0.144 甘露醇(mL) 0.00(0.00~0.00) 0.00(0.00~0.00) Z=-0.573 0.567 术后临床资料 术后48 h Scr(μmol/L) 73.00(59.68~96.65) 79.30(72.50~88.80) Z=-0.920 0.358 术后7 d Scr(μmol/L) 77.55(66.23~99.83) 79.30(72.50~108.20) Z=-0.562 0.574 术后NT-proBNP(pg/mL) 932.50(496.00~1 807.50) 1 440.00(568.00~4 250.00) Z=-1.472 0.141 术后机械通气时间(d) 1.00(1.00~1.00) 1.00(1.00~2.00) Z=-1.794 0.073 术后感染[例(%)] χ2=1.391 0.238 否 65(87.8) 14(73.7) 是 9(12.2) 5(26.3) 术后转入ICU[例(%)] χ2=0.995 0.318 否 67(90.5) 15(78.9) 是 7(9.5) 4(21.1) 术后普通病房住院时间(d) 16.00±5.70 18.79±8.10 t=-1.414 0.171 术后ICU住院时间(d) 0.00(0.00~0.00) 0.00(0.00~2.00) Z=-1.636 0.102 表 4 影响肝移植术后AKI发生的多因素Logistic分析
Table 4. Multivariate Logistic analysis of the occurrence of AKI after liver transplantation
项目 β值 SE Wald P值 OR 95%CI 术前纤维蛋白原 1.708 0.796 4.608 0.032 5.520 1.160~26.267 术前NT-proBNP 2.040 0.843 5.854 0.016 7.692 1.473~40.159 手术时长 2.760 0.958 8.305 0.004 15.802 2.418~103.268 术中出血量 2.584 0.895 8.327 0.004 13.246 2.291~76.594 常量 -7.155 1.541 21.565 0.001 0.001 -
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