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Volume 41 Issue 12
Dec.  2025
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Clinical Hepatology  > 2025  >  41(12): 2447-2452

Immunotherapy for biliary tract cancer： Current status and research advances

DOI: 10.12449/JCH251202
  • 1.

    First Department of Biliary Tract Surgery，The Third Hospital of Navy Medical University （Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital），Shanghai 200438，China

  • 2.

    Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery，Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery，Shanghai East Hospital，Tongji University School of Medicine，Shanghai 200120，China

Research funding:

Key Discipline Construction Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission (PWZxk2022-02);

The Youth Science and Technology Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission (PW2022B-07);

General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472875)

More Information
  • Corresponding author: JIANG Xiaoqing， jxq1225@vip.sina.cn （ORCID： 0000-0003-2102-4039）
  • Received Date: 2025-10-27
  • Accepted Date: 2025-11-17
  • Published Date: 2025-12-25
    Abstract
  • Biliary tract cancer （BTC） is a highly malignant gastrointestinal tumor with a poor prognosis， and its limited treatment options and complex tumor microenvironment have posed significant challenges in clinical treatment. This article systematically describes the fundamental features of the immunosupressive microenvironment in BTC and reviews the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of BTC， as well as the emerging strategies such as cancer vaccines and adoptive cell transfer therapy. Although the improvement in treatment outcome is limited by high tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive microenvironment， it is expected to improve the prognosis of BTC patients by constructing a biomarker system based on multi-omics， exploring novel combined treatment strategies， and deeply regulating the tumor microenvironment.

     

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