Expert consensus on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine clinical collaboration for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2026 edition, Yunnan, China)

Hepatology Committee of Yunnan Hospital Association

doi:10.12449/JCH260907

Volume 42 Issue 9

Sep. 2026

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Clinical Hepatology > 2026 > 42(9): 2039-2048

PDF( 884 KB)

Expert consensus on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine clinical collaboration for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2026 edition, Yunnan, China)

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260907

Hepatology Committee of Yunnan Hospital Association

Research funding:

Yunnan Provincial Clinical Collaboration Pilot Project on Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Major and Intractable Diseases (ZDYNJBZXYXTGG2024)

Received Date: 2026-04-10
Accepted Date: 2026-05-06
Published Date: 2026-09-25

Abstract

Abstract

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies in China， with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） accounting for the vast majority of these cases. Advanced HCC has complex clinical manifestations and diverse treatment modalities， posing great challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. Currently， there is still a lack of an expert consensus specifically focusing on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine clinical collaboration for advanced HCC in China. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment process of advanced HCC based on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine collaboration and improve the homogeneity of advanced HCC management in Yunnan Province， Hepatology Committee of Yunnan Hospital Association convened multidisciplinary experts from gastroenterology， hepatobiliary surgery， interventional radiology， medical oncology， radiation oncology， traditional Chinese medicine， ethnic medicine and hospice care to formulate this consensus based on the best evidence available and with reference to local ethnic medicine and clinical practice in Yunnan. This consensus covers various aspects of advanced HCC， including diagnosis， staging， systemic therapy， locoregional therapy， antiviral therapy， traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine interventions， multidisciplinary collaboration， quality control， and humanistic care.
- Carcinoma， Hepatocellular,
- Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine,
- Minority Medicine,
- Hospice Care,
- Consensus

FullText(HTML)

References(45)

References

[1]	Fan Yunyuan, Tang Xian, Wen Hongmei, et al. Analysis of the incidence and mortality of liver cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province in 2020 and the trend from 2012 to 2020[J]. Pract Oncol J, 2024, 38( 6): 377- 382. DOI: 10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2024.06.005. 范芸苑, 唐娴, 文洪梅, 等. 云南省2020年肿瘤登记地区肝癌的发病和死亡情况及2012—2020年趋势分析[J]. 实用肿瘤学杂志, 2024, 38( 6): 377- 382. DOI: 10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2024.06.005.
[2]	National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer(2026 edition)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2026, 42( 4): 794- 827. DOI: 10.12449/JCH260409. 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2026年版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2026, 42( 4): 794- 827. DOI: 10.12449/JCH260409.
[3]	China Association of Chinese Medicine. Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer: T/ CACM 1575—2024[S]. Beijing: China Association of Chinese Medicine, 2024. 中华中医药学会. 原发性肝癌中医诊疗指南: T/ CACM 1575—2024[S]. 北京: 中华中医药学会, 2024.
[4]	Zheng Rongshou, Chen Ru, Han Bingfeng, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022[J]. Chin J Oncol, 2024, 46( 3): 221- 231. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20240119-00035. 郑荣寿, 陈茹, 韩冰峰, 等. 2022年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况分析[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2024, 46( 3): 221- 231. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20240119-00035.
[5]	Singal A G, Lampertico P, Nahon P. Epidemiology and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: New trends[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 72( 2): 250- 261. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.025.
[6]	Shen Y Y. Hepatitis B virus infection and genotype in asymptomatic people from 10 ethnic groups in Yunnan, China[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21( 44): 12586. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12586.
[7]	Cheng Yiyi, Kang Wenyu, Zhao Zhixian, et al. Seroprevalence for hepatitis B among population aged 18 to 69 years of age in Yunnan Province, 2024[J]. Chin J Exp Clin Virol, 2026, 40( 1): 102- 108. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112866-20250912-00196. 成依依, 康文玉, 赵智娴, 等. 2024年云南省18～69岁人群乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查[J]. 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志, 2026, 40( 1): 102- 108. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112866-20250912-00196.
[8]	Yang J D, Hainaut P, Gores G J, et al. A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: Trends, risk, prevention and management[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 16( 10): 589- 604. DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0186-y.
[9]	Shan Tianhao, An Lan, Xu Mengyuan, et al. Global liver cancer and gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality in 2020[J/OL]. Electron J Liver Tumor, 2022, 9( 4): 46- 51. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-7815.2024.02.008. 单天昊, 安澜, 徐梦圆, 等. 2020年全球肝癌和胆囊癌发病死亡分析[J/OL]. 肝癌电子杂志, 2022, 9( 4): 46- 51. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-7815.2024.02.008.
[10]	Chen Yongsheng, Wang Jun, Ding Lulu, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer in China and worldwide[J]. Chin J Oncol, 2025, 47( 9): 858- 866. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20241228-00595. 陈永胜, 王军, 丁璐璐, 等. 中国及全球肝癌流行特征分析[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2025, 47( 9): 858- 866. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20241228-00595.
[11]	Leng J H, Wu J, Han R, et al. Real-world second-line treatment pattern for unresectable or advanced hepatic carcinoma in China: A retrospective database study[J]. J Gastrointest Oncol, 2025, 16( 4): 1597- 1609. DOI: 10.21037/jgo-2024-1015.
[12]	Laube R, Sabih A H, Strasser S I, et al. Palliative care in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021, 36( 3): 618- 628. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15169.
[13]	Vogel A, Chan S L, Dawson L A, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up[J]. Ann Oncol, 2025, 36( 5): 491- 506. DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2025.02.006.
[14]	Chan S L, Sun H C, Xu Y, et al. The Lancet Commission on addressing the global hepatocellular carcinoma burden: Comprehensive strategies from prevention to treatment[J]. Lancet, 2025, 406( 10504): 731- 778. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01042-6.
[15]	Shiina S, Tateishi R, Choi J I, et al. Asian conference on tumor ablation guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Liver Cancer, 2025, 14( 5): 651- 678. DOI: 10.1159/000544976.
[16]	Fowler K J, Burgoyne A, Fraum T J, et al. Pathologic, molecular, and prognostic radiologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Radiographics, 2021, 41( 6): 1611- 1631. DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021210009.
[17]	Gil-Rojas S, Suárez M, Martínez-Blanco P, et al. Application of machine learning techniques to assess alpha-fetoprotein at diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25( 4): 1996. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041996.
[18]	Hu X, Chen R G, Wei Q, et al. The landscape of alpha fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma: Where are we?[J]. Int J Biol Sci, 2022, 18( 2): 536- 551. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64537.
[19]	Savas I N, Coskun A. The future of tumor markers: Advancing early malignancy detection through omics technologies, continuous monitoring, and personalized reference intervals[J]. Biomolecules, 2025, 15( 7): 1011. DOI: 10.3390/biom15071011.
[20]	Bardol T, Pageaux G P, Assenat E, et al. Circulating tumor DNA clinical applications in hepatocellular carcinoma: Current trends and future perspectives[J]. Clin Chem, 2024, 70( 1): 33- 48. DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad168.
[21]	Ahn J C, Teng P C, Chen P J, et al. Detection of circulating tumor cells and their implications as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic monitoring in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatology, 2021, 73( 1): 422- 436. DOI: 10.1002/hep.31165.
[22]	Korean Liver Cancer Association(KLCA); National Cancer Center(NCC) Korea. 2026 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Clin Mol Hepatol, 2026. DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2026.0943.[ Epub ahead of print]
[23]	Takahashi Y, Dungubat E, Kusano H, et al. Application of immunohistochemistry in the pathological diagnosis of liver tumors[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22( 11): 5780. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115780.
[24]	Branch of Hepatobiliary Diseases, China Association of Chinese Medicine. Guideline for traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2024, 40( 5): 919- 927. DOI: 10.12449/JCH240509. 中华中医药学会肝胆病分会. 原发性肝癌中医诊疗指南[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2024, 40( 5): 919- 927. DOI: 10.12449/JCH240509.
[25]	Qiu Xiangyu, Hu Yamin, Guan Donglong, et al. Discussion on Professor Wu Rongzu’s academic thought in the treatment of liver cancer based on the qi movement circular movement theory[J]. China Med Her, 2022, 19( 30): 112- 115, 136. DOI: 10.20047/j.issn1673-7210.2022.30.25. 邱祥玉, 虎娅敏, 关东龙, 等. 基于气机圆运动理论探讨吴荣祖教授治疗肝癌学术思想[J]. 中国医药导报, 2022, 19( 30): 112- 115, 136. DOI: 10.20047/j.issn1673-7210.2022.30.25.
[26]	Wang Z, Sun H, Zhou J, et al. Chinese expert consensus on conversion and perioperative therapy of primary liver cancer(2024 edition)[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2026, 15( 3): 72. DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-2025-129.
[27]	Siriwardena A K, Serrablo A, Fretland Å A, et al. Multisocietal European consensus on the terminology, diagnosis, and management of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases: an E-AHPBA consensus in partnership with ESSO, ESCP, ESGAR, and CIRSE[J]. Br J Surg, 2023, 110( 9): 1161- 1170. DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad124.
[28]	Specialist Group of Interventional Drugs, Interventionalists Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Chinese expert consensus on intra-arterial drug and combined drug administration for primary hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Chin J Intern Med, 2023, 62( 7): 785- 801. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20230202-00049. 中国医师协会介入医师分会介入药物专业组. 原发性肝细胞癌经动脉内用药与联合用药中国专家共识[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2023, 62( 7): 785- 801. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20230202-00049.
[29]	Teng W, Wu T C, Lin S M. Hepatocellular carcinoma systemic treatment update: From early to advanced stage[J]. Biomed J, 2025, 48( 4): 100815. DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100815.
[30]	Yang Y, Sun J X, Cai J Q, et al. Chinese expert consensus on the whole-course management of hepatocellular carcinoma(2023 edition)[J]. Liver Cancer, 2025, 14( 3): 311- 333. DOI: 10.1159/000541622.
[31]	Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, et al. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: The 2022 update[J]. J Hepatol, 2022, 76( 3): 681- 693. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018.
[32]	Singal A G, Salem R, Pinato D J, et al. Advances in locoregional and systemic treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Gastroenterology, 2025, 169( 4): 585- 599. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2025.03.047.
[33]	Chen Minshan, Xiao Rui. Recent advances in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for conversion therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Natl Med J China, 2026, 106( 10): 891- 896. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20251021-02699. 陈敏山, 肖睿. 肝动脉灌注化疗在肝细胞癌转化治疗中应用的最新进展[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2026, 106( 10): 891- 896. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20251021-02699.
[34]	Hwang S Y, Danpanichkul P, Agopian V, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Updates on epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment[J]. Clin Mol Hepatol, 2025, 31( Suppl): S228- S254. DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0824.
[35]	Zhou J, Sun H C, Wang Z, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer(2022 edition)[J]. Liver Cancer, 2023, 12( 5): 405- 444. DOI: 10.1159/000530495.
[36]	Cheung T T, Ma K W, She W H. A review on radiofrequency, microwave and high-intensity focused ultrasound ablations for hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2021, 10( 2): 193- 209. DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2020.03.11.
[37]	Korean Liver Cancer Association(KLCA) and National Cancer Center(NCC) Korea. 2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Korean J Radiol, 2022, 23( 12): 1126- 1240. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2022.0822.
[38]	Expert Committee on Clinical Coordination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver Cancer. Interventional expert consensus on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(trial edition I)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2022, 38( 1): 70- 77. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.01.010. 肝癌中西医临床协作专家委员会. 原发性肝癌中西医结合介入诊疗专家共识(试行第一版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2022, 38( 1): 70- 77. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.01.010.
[39]	Yuan H M, Xu R C, Li S L, et al. The malignant transformation of viral hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms and interventions[J]. MedComm, 2025, 6( 3): e70121. DOI: 10.1002/mco2.70121.
[40]	Jeong J, Hong J P, Kim D Y, et al. Antiviral therapy and post-resection outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2026. DOI: 10.1111/apt.70850.[ Epub ahead of print]
[41]	Huang D Q, Hoang J K, Kamal R, et al. Antiviral therapy utilization and 10-year outcomes in resected hepatitis B virus- and hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42( 7): 790- 799. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.23.00757.
[42]	Orthmann N C, Rodrigues L B Q, Catani J H, et al. Breaking bad news: A communication protocol for radiologists[J]. Radiographics, 2025, 45( 7): e240111. DOI: 10.1148/rg.240111.
[43]	Jaffe A, Taddei T H, Giannini E G, et al. Holistic management of hepatocellular carcinoma: The hepatologist’s comprehensive playbook[J]. Liver Int, 2022, 42( 12): 2607- 2619. DOI: 10.1111/liv.15432.
[44]	Sedini C, Biotto M, Crespi Bel’skij L M, et al. Advance care planning and advance directives: An overview of the main critical issues[J]. Aging Clin Exp Res, 2022, 34( 2): 325- 330. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02001-y.
[45]	National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Practice guide for hospice care(2025 edition)[J]. Chin Pract J Rural Doctor, 2025, 32( 9): 1- 10, 14. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7185.2025.09.001. 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 安宁疗护实践指南(2025年版)[J]. 中国实用乡村医生杂志, 2025, 32( 9): 1- 10, 14. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7185.2025.09.001.

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Tables(2)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (131) PDF downloads(32)

Expert consensus on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine clinical collaboration for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2026 edition, Yunnan, China)

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260907

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

Expert consensus on integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine clinical collaboration for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2026 edition, Yunnan, China)

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260907

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

About Journal

Submission Guideline

Journal Online

Hepatobiliary College

Guidelines

Export File

Citation

Format

Content