Types of organoid models for liver fibrosis and their application

Liver fibrosis is a critical pathological stage in the progression of chronic liver diseases， involving the interaction between multiple mechanisms such as abnormal activation of hepatic stellate cells and extracellular matrix deposition. Since traditional animal models and two-dimensional cell culture systems cannot faithfully recapitulate the complex multicellular interactions and metabolic microenvironment of human liver fibrosis， three-dimensional liver organoid technologies have gradually been used in the construction of liver fibrosis models， providing novel research methods for mechanistic studies and therapeutic evaluation. Focusing on the construction of liver fibrosis-related organoid models， this article elaborates on the association of abnormal activation of hepatic stellate cells， chronic inflammatory response， gut-liver axis signaling， and lipid metabolic dysregulation with the progression of liver fibrosis and summarizes the current research advances in the application of organoid models for anti-fibrotic drug screening and targeted therapeutic assessment. Finally， this article briefly discusses the limitations of existing organoid models for liver fibrosis and future research directions， in order to provide a theoretical reference for both basic research and clinical application in liver fibrosis.