[1] World Health Organization. Global hepatitis report 2017[R/OL]. http://www. who. int/hepatitis/publications/globalhepatitis-report2017/en/.
|
[2] JEFFERIES M, RAUFF B, RASHID H, et al. Update on global epidemiology of viral hepatitis and preventive strategies[J].World J Clin Cases, 2018, 6 (13) :589-599.
|
[3] KABIR K, HOSEINI H, MIRI M, et al. Prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis infections in Karaj, Iran[J]. Pan Afr Med J, 2017, 28:186.
|
[4] World Health Organization. Hepatitis A[R/OL]. https://www.who. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a.
|
[5] GRIPENBERG M, NAVEENA A, MAINA L, et al. Changing seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in Asia Pacific countries:A systematic review[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2018, 68:13-17.
|
[6] GORGOS L. Sexual transmission of viral hepatitis[J]. Infect Dis Clin N Am, 2013, 27 (4) :811-836.
|
[7] COREY L, HOLMES K. Sexual transmission of hepatitis A in homosexual men:Incidence and mechanism[J]. N Engl J Med, 1980, 302 (8) :435-438.
|
[8] KATZ M, HSU L, WONG E, et al. Seroprevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis A infection among young homosexual and bisexual men[J]. J Infect Dis, 1997, 175 (5) :1225-1229.
|
[9] JIN F, PRESTAGE G, ZABLOTSKA I, et al. High rates of sexually transmitted infections in HIV positive homosexual men:Data from two community based cohorts[J]. Sex Transm Infect, 2007, 83 (5) :397-399.
|
[10] WERBER D, MICHAELIS K, HAUSNER M, et al. Ongoing outbreaks of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) , Berlin, November 2016 to January 2017-linked to other German cities and European countries[J]. Euro Surveill, 2017, 22 (5) :30457.
|
[11] FREIDL G, SONDER G, LIAN P, et al. Hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) predominantly linked with the Euro Pride, the Netherlands, July 2016 to February 2017[J]. Euro Surveill, 2017, 22 (8) :30468.
|
[12] RODRGUEZ-TAJES S, PERPIAN E, CABALLOL B, et al.Hepatitis A outbreak in Barcelona among men who have sex with men (MSM) , January-June 2017:A hospital perspective[J]. Liver Int, 2018, 38 (4) :588-593.
|
[13] SFETCU O, IRVINE N, NGUI S, et al. Hepatitis A outbreak predominantly affecting men who have sex with men in Northern Ireland, October 2008 to July 2009[J]. Euro Surveill, 2011, 16 (9) :11-16.
|
[14] ALVENTOSA M, URQUIJO P, DIAGO M, et al. An outbreak of acute hepatitis due to the hepatitis A virus in 2017:Are we witnessing a change in contagion risk factors?[J]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2018, 110:675-676.
|
[15] COLLABORATORS PO. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016:A modelling study[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 3 (6) :383-403.
|
[16] INOUE T, TANAKA Y. Hepatitis B virus and its sexually transmitted infection———an update[J]. Microbial Cell, 2016, 3 (9) :420-437.
|
[17] LIU XC, ZHAO T, ZHAO ZM, et al. Incidence and trends of viral hepatitis in China[J]. Prev Med, 2018, 30 (5) :433-437. (in Chinese) 刘小畅, 赵婷, 赵志梅, 等.中国居民病毒性肝炎流行趋势分析[J].预防医学, 2018, 30 (5) :433-437.
|
[18] KATOONIZADEH A, MOTAMED-GORJI N, SHARAFKHAH M, et al. Intra-familial transmission of chronic hepatitis B infection:A large population-based cohort study in Northern Iran[J]. Arch Iran Med, 2018, 21 (10) :436-442.
|
[19] Chinese Society of Hepatology and Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association. The guideline of prevention and treatment for chronic hepatitis B:A 2015 update[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2015, 31 (12) :1941-1960. (in Chinese) 中华医学会肝病学分会, 中华医学会感染病学分会.慢性乙型肝炎防治指南 (2015年更新版) [J].临床肝胆病杂志, 2015, 31 (12) :1941-1960.
|
[20] PARIZAD E, PARIZAD E, KHOSRAVI A, et al. Comparing HBV viral load in serum, cerumen, and saliva and correlation with HBe Ag serum status in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection[J]. Hepat Mon, 2016, 16 (5) :e30385.
|
[21] SCOTT R, SNITBHAN R, BANCROFT W, et al. Experimental transmission of hepatitis B virus by semen and saliva[J]. J Infect Dis, 1980, 142 (1) :67-71.
|
[22] LIN P, WU ZQ, PAN XF, et al. The prospective analysis of HBV infection in spouse during 5 years[J]. Strait J Prevent Med, 2002, 8 (6) :21-22. (in Chinese) 林平, 吴钟琪, 潘显芳, 等.乙型肝炎感染者配偶感染情况的5年追踪分析[J].海峡预防医学杂志, 2002, 8 (6) :21-22.
|
[23] KOFF R, SLAVIN M, CONNELLY L, et al. Contagiousness of acute hepatitis B secondary attack rates in household contacts[J]. Gastroenterology, 1977, 72 (2) :297-300.
|
[24] SOFIAN M, BANIFAZL M, ZIAI M, et al. Intra-familial transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Arak, Central Iran[J].Iran J Pathol, 2016, 11 (4) :328-333.
|
[25] FALLA A, SHI H, DUFFELL E, et al. Hepatitis B/C in the countries of the EU/EEA:A systematic review of the prevalence among at-risk groups[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2018, 18 (1) :79.
|
[26] MUTAGOMA M, NYIRAZINYOYE L, SEBUHORO D, et al. Syphilis and HIV prevalence and associated factors to their co-infection, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses prevalence among female sex workers in Rwanda[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2017, 17 (1) :525.
|
[27] ZHANG X, JIN M, CHEN M, et al. Prevalence and the associated risk factors of HIV, STIs and HBV among men who have sex with men in Kunming, China[J]. Int J STD AIDS, 2017, 28 (11) :1115-1123.
|
[28] OLIVEIRA M, MATOS M, SILVA A, et al. Prevalence, risk behaviors, and virological characteristics of hepatitis B virus infection in a group of men who have sex with men in brazil:Results from a respondent-driven sampling survey[J]. PLo S One, 2016, 11 (8) :e0160916.
|
[29] WANG C, WANG Y, HUANG X, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B immunization and infection among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China[J]. PLo S One, 2012, 7 (10) :e48219.
|
[30] SIEVERT W, ALTRAIF I, RAZAVI H, et al. A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Asia, Australia and Egypt[J]. Liver Int, 2011, 31 (s2) :61-80.
|
[31] Chinese Society of Hepatology and Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association. The guideline of prevention and treatment for hepatitis C:A 2015 update[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2015, 31 (12) :1961-1979. (in Chinese) 中华医学会肝病学分会, 中华医学会感染病学分会.丙型肝炎防治指南 (2015年更新版) [J].临床肝胆病杂志, 2015, 31 (12) :1961-1979.
|
[32] TERRAULT N, DODGE J, MURPHY E, et al. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among monogamous heterosexual couples:The HCV partners study[J]. Hepatology, 2013, 57 (3) :881-889.
|
[33] ALARY M, JOLY J, VINCELETTE J, et al. Lack of evidence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in a prospective cohort study of men who have sex with men[J]. Am J Public Health, 2005, 95 (3) :502-505.
|
[34] VANDELLI C, RENZO F, ROMANO L, et al. Lack of evidence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C among monogamous couples:Results of a ten-year prospective follow-up study[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2004, 40 (5) :153.
|
[35] RAFIK M, SHAZLY Y, ABBAS A, et al. Sexual transmission of HCV in heterologous monogamous spouses[J]. J Sex Transm Dis, 2014, 2014:140640.
|
[36] GRULICH A, DEVISSER R, SMITH A, et al. Sex in Australia:Homosexual experience and recent homosexual encounters[J]. Aust N Z J Public Health, 2010, 27 (2) :155-163.
|
[37] TIEU H, LAEYENDECKER O, NANDI V, et al. Prevalence and mapping of hepatitis C infections among men who have sex with men in New York City[J]. PLo S One, 2018, 13 (7) :e0200269.
|
[38] FITZPATRICK T, PAN SW, TANG W, et al. HBV and HCV test uptake and correlates among men who have sex with men in China:A nationwide cross-sectional online survey[J]. Sex Transm Infect, 2018, 94 (7) :502-507.
|
[39] JANSEN K, THAMM M, BOCK C, et al. High prevalence and high incidence of coinfection with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis and low rate of effective vaccination against hepatitis B in HIV-positive men who have sex with men with known date of HIV seroconversion in Germany[J]. PLo S One, 2015, 10 (11) :e0142515.
|
[40] JIN F, MATTHEWS G, GRULICH A. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among gay and bisexual men:A systematic review[J]. Sex Health, 2017, 14 (1) :28-41.
|
[41] WESTBROOK R, DUSHEIKO G. Natural history of hepatitis C[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 61 (1) :s58-s68.
|
[42] TERRAULT N. Sexual activity as a risk factor for hepatitis C[J]. Hepatology, 2010, 36 (s1) :s99-s105.
|