中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R
Volume 39 Issue 6
Jun.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents

Research advances in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals with HIV infection

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.06.030
Research funding:

2021 Qinghai Province “Kunlun Talents· High - end Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents” 

More Information
  • Corresponding author: REN Bin, renbing51@aliyun.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-9742-4082)
  • Received Date: 2022-11-20
  • Accepted Date: 2023-01-02
  • Published Date: 2023-06-20
  • The prevalence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) tends to increase in the general population around the world, and the incidence rate of liver malignancies caused by NAFLD is also increasing continuously. Obesity is an independent risk factor for NAFLD. Among the individuals with HIV infection who have a normal body weight, 25% have NAFLD, and lean NAFLD is relatively common in individuals with HIV infection. With reference to related articles in China and globally, this article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, histology, diagnosis, screening, intervention, treatment, and clinical management of NAFLD, in order to improve the awareness of NAFLD in individuals with HIV infection among the public, clinicians, and related institutions.

     

  • loading
  • [1]
    SUN YD, ZHANG H, HAN JJ, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a new challenge for prevention and treatment of hepatic malignancies[J]. Chin J Intern Med, 2022, 61(9): 1074-1079. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20211018-00715.

    孙元栋, 张昊, 韩建军, 等. 非酒精性脂肪肝病: 肝脏恶性肿瘤防治工作的新挑战[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2022, 61(9): 1074-1079. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20211018-00715.
    [2]
    HUANG ZP, JIANG JJ, HUANG ZC, et al. Risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with a normal visceral adipose tissue area[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2019, 35(5): 1061-1064. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.05.025.

    黄志鹏, 蒋建家, 黄子成, 等. 腹腔内脂肪面积正常的非酒精性脂肪性肝病的危险因素分析[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35(5): 1061-1064. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.05.025.
    [3]
    HUANG DQ, EL-SERAG HB, LOOMBA R. Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021, 18(4): 223-238. DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00381-6.
    [4]
    GAYLE HD, HILL GL. Global impact of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2001, 14(2): 327-335. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.2.327-335.2001.
    [5]
    OBRY-ROGUET V, BRÉGIGEON S, CANO CE, et al. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in HIV-infected people: Aging, behavioral factors but not cART in a cross-sectional study[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(23): e10956. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010956.
    [6]
    CERVO A, MILIC J, MAZZOLA G, et al. Prevalence, predictors, and severity of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2020, 71(10): e694-e701. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa430.
    [7]
    YOUNOSSI ZM, KOENIG AB, ABDELATIF D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64(1): 73-84. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28431.
    [8]
    POUWELS S, SAKRAN N, GRAHAM Y, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss[J]. BMC Endocr Disord, 2022, 22(1): 63. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1.
    [9]
    GERMANI G, LARYEA M, RUBBIA-BRANDT L, et al. Management of recurrent and de novo NAFLD/NASH after liver transplantation[J]. Transplantation, 2019, 103(1): 57-67. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002485.
    [10]
    NAVARRO J. HIV and liver disease[J]. AIDS Rev, 2022, 25(2): 87-96. DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000052
    [11]
    HUSAIN NE, NOOR SK, ELMADHOUN WM, et al. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in people living with HIV in Africa: re-emerging challenges not to be forgotten[J]. HIV AIDS (Auckl), 2017, 9: 193-202. DOI: 10.2147/HIV.S137974.
    [12]
    MORSE CG, MCLAUGHLIN M, MATTHEWS L, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in HIV-1-monoinfected adults with elevated aminotransferase levels on antiretroviral therapy[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2015, 60(10): 1569-1578. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ101.
    [13]
    CHALASANI N, YOUNOSSI Z, LAVINE JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 67(1): 328-357. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29367.
    [14]
    SCHNEIDER AL, LAZO M, SELVIN E, et al. Racial differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the U.S. population[J]. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2014, 22(1): 292-299. DOI: 10.1002/oby.20426.
    [15]
    MAURICE JB, PATEL A, SCOTT AJ, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-monoinfection[J]. AIDS, 2017, 31(11): 1621-1632. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001504.
    [16]
    LAKE JE, CURRIER JS. Metabolic disease in HIV infection[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2013, 13(11): 964-975. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70271-8.
    [17]
    STABINSKI L, REYNOLDS SJ, OCAMA P, et al. High prevalence of liver fibrosis associated with HIV infection: a study in rural Rakai, Uganda[J]. Antivir Ther, 2011, 16(3): 405-411. DOI: 10.3851/IMP1783.
    [18]
    IACOB SA, IACOB DG. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV/HBV patients - a metabolic imbalance aggravated by antiretroviral therapy and perpetuated by the hepatokine/adipokine axis breakdown[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2022, 13: 814209. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.814209.
    [19]
    SOTI S, COREY KE, LAKE JE, et al. NAFLD and HIV: Do sex, race, and ethnicity explain HIV-related risk?[J]. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 2018, 15(3): 212-222. DOI: 10.1007/s11904-018-0392-1.
    [20]
    VÉROLLET C, LE CABEC V, MARIDONNEAU-PARINI I. HIV-1 infection of T lymphocytes and macrophages affects their migration via nef[J]. Front Immunol, 2015, 6: 514. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00514.
    [21]
    LIDOFSKY A, HOLMES JA, FEENEY ER, et al. Macrophage activation marker soluble CD163 is a dynamic marker of liver fibrogenesis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection[J]. J Infect Dis, 2018, 218(9): 1394-1403. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy331.
    [22]
    CRAKES KR, JIANG G. Gut Microbiome alterations during HIV/SIV infection: Implications for HIV cure[J]. Front Microbiol, 2019, 10: 1104. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01104.
    [23]
    ARSLAN N. Obesity, fatty liver disease and intestinal microbiota[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(44): 16452-16463. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16452
    [24]
    PIERANTONELLI I, SVEGLIATI-BARONI G. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Basic pathogenetic mechanisms in the progression from NAFLD to NASH[J]. Transplantation, 2019, 103(1): e1-e13. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002480.
    [25]
    BAILIN SS, GABRIEL CL, WANJALLA CN, et al. Obesity and weight gain in persons with HIV[J]. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 2020, 17(2): 138-150. DOI: 10.1007/s11904-020-00483-5.
    [26]
    ACHHRA AC, MOCROFT A, REISS P, et al. Short-term weight gain after antiretroviral therapy initiation and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: the D: A: D study[J]. HIV Med, 2016, 17(4): 255-268. DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12294.
    [27]
    LAKE JE. The fat of the matter: Obesity and visceral adiposity in treated HIV infection[J]. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 2017, 14(6): 211-219. DOI: 10.1007/s11904-017-0368-6.
    [28]
    SOARES LR, MENEZES GC, BARRETO A, et al. Association between changes in body fat distribution, biochemical profile, time of HIV diagnosis, and antiretroviral treatment in adults living with and without virus infection[J]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992), 2020, 66(1): 67-73. DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.1.67.
    [29]
    UTAY NS, KITCH DW, YEH E, et al. Telmisartan therapy does not improve lymph node or adipose tissue fibrosis more than continued antiretroviral therapy alone[J]. J Infect Dis, 2018, 217(11): 1770-1781. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy064.
    [30]
    AGARWAL N, BALASUBRAMANYAM A. Viral mechanisms of adipose dysfunction: lessons from HIV-1 Vpr[J]. Adipocyte, 2015, 4(1): 55-59. DOI: 10.4161/adip.29852.
    [31]
    GERGES SH, WAHDAN SA, ELSHERBINY DA, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An overview of risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic interventions[J]. Life Sci, 2021, 271: 119220. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119220.
    [32]
    LAI S, GERSTENBLITH G, MOORE RD, et al. Cocaine use may modify HIV/ART-associated myocardial steatosis and hepatic steatosis[J]. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2017, 177: 84-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.029.
    [33]
    MOHR R, BOESECKE C, DOLD L, et al. Return-to-health effect of modern combined antiretroviral therapy potentially predisposes HIV patients to hepatic steatosis[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(17): e0462. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010462.
    [34]
    VIDAL F, DOMINGO P, VILLARROYA F, et al. Adipogenic/lipid, inflammatory, and mitochondrial parameters in subcutaneous adipose tissue of untreated HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors: significant alterations despite low viral burden[J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2012, 61(2): 131-137. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825c3a68.
    [35]
    BAI RJ, LYU SY, HUA W, et al. Mechanism of weight gain after antiretroviral therapy and the corresponding intervention measures[J]. Int J Virol, 2022, 29(3): 260-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4092.2021.03.018-1.

    白若靖, 吕诗韵, 画伟, 等. 抗反转录病毒药物引起体重增加的机制及应对措施[J]. 国际病毒学杂志, 2022, 29(3): 260-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4092.2021.03.018-1.
    [36]
    MCCOMSEY GA, MOSER C, CURRIER J, et al. Body composition changes after initiation of raltegravir or protease inhibitors: ACTG A5260s[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2016, 62(7): 853-862. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw017.
    [37]
    PALELLA FJ, HOU Q, LI J, et al. Weight gain and metabolic effects in persons with HIV who switch to ART regimens containing integrase inhibitors or tenofovir alafenamide[J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2023, 92(1): 67-75. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003101.
    [38]
    LAKE JE, WU K, BARES SH, et al. Risk factors for weight gain following switch to integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2020, 71(9): e471-e477. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa177.
    [39]
    BORRAJO LÓPEZ A, PENEDO MA, RIVERA-BALTANAS T, et al. Microglia: The real foe in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders?[J]. Biomedicines, 2021, 9(8): 925. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080925.
    [40]
    ÇAM İ, KOC U, GENEZ S, et al. Computed tomography measurements of hepatic steatosis in cholelitihiasis and cholecystectomy cases using unenhanced images[J]. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci, 2020, 51(1): 137-144. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.12.003.
    [41]
    LEMOINE M, ASSOUMOU L, DE WIT S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive markers of steatosis, NASH, and liver fibrosis in HIV-monoinfected individuals at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Results from the ECHAM study[J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2019, 80(4): e86-86e94. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001936.
    [42]
    MARCHIONATTI A, PARISI MM. Anemia and thrombocytopenia in people living with HIV/AIDS: a narrative literature review[J]. Int Health, 2021, 13(2): 98-109. DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa036.
    [43]
    ABDEL-HAMEED EA, ROUSTER SD, KOTTILIL S, et al. The enhanced liver fibrosis index predicts hepatic fibrosis superior to FIB4 and APRI in HIV/HCV infected patients[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2021, 73(3): 450-459. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa646.
    [44]
    VALI Y, LEE J, BOURSIER J, et al. Enhanced liver fibrosis test for the non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Hepatol, 2020, 73(2): 252-262. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.036.
    [45]
    MORSE CG, MCLAUGHLIN M, PROSCHAN M, et al. Transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis in HIV-monoinfected adults with elevated aminotransferases on antiretroviral therapy[J]. AIDS, 2015, 29(17): 2297-2302. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000841.
    [46]
    NOUREDDIN M, JONES C, ALKHOURI N, et al. Screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in persons with type 2 diabetes in the united states is cost-effective: A comprehensive cost-utility analysis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2020, 159(5): 1985-1987. e4. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.050.
    [47]
    VILAR-GOMEZ E, MARTINEZ-PEREZ Y, CALZADILLA-BERTOT L, et al. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2015, 149(2): 367-378. e5; quiz e14-15. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005.
    [48]
    O'BRIEN KK, TYNAN AM, NIXON SA, et al. Effectiveness of progressive resistive exercise (PRE) in the context of HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration protocol[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2017, 17(1): 268. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2342-8.
    [49]
    BLOCH M. Frailty in people living with HIV[J]. AIDS Res Ther, 2018, 15(1): 19. DOI: 10.1186/s12981-018-0210-2.
    [50]
    ECHEVERRÍA P, BONJOCH A, PUIG J, et al. High prevalence of sarcopenia in HIV-infected individuals[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 2018: 5074923. DOI: 10.1155/2018/5074923.
    [51]
    BRIL F, CUSI K. Long-term pioglitazone treatment for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(3): 230. DOI: 10.7326/L16-0629.
    [52]
    FRIEDMAN SL, RATZIU V, HARRISON SA, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cenicriviroc for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 67(5): 1754-1767. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29477.
    [53]
    MACÍAS J, MANCEBO M, MERINO D, et al. Changes in liver steatosis after switching from efavirenz to raltegravir among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2017, 65(6): 1012-1019. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix467.
    [54]
    FOURMAN LT, BILLINGSLEY JM, AGYAPONG G, et al. Effects of tesamorelin on hepatic transcriptomic signatures in HIV-associated NAFLD[J]. JCI Insight, 2020, 5(16): e14013. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140134.
    [55]
    AJMERA VH, CACHAY E, RAMERS C, et al. MRI assessment of treatment response in HIV-associated NAFLD: A randomized trial of a Stearoyl-Coenzyme-A-Desaturase-1 inhibitor (ARRIVE Trial)[J]. Hepatology, 2019, 70(5): 1531-1545. DOI: 10.1002/hep.30674.
    [56]
    ARMSTRONG MJ, GAUNT P, AITHAL GP, et al. Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study[J]. Lancet, 2016, 387(10019): 679-690. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00803-X.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Article Metrics

    Article views (368) PDF downloads(64) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return