Objective To determine if adefovir resistance associated with the HBV DNA P gene in chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB) results from primary or adefovir-induced mutations. Methods Seventy-eight chronic HBV patients were enrolled in the study, including 30 patients who accepted adefovir treatment and 48 patients who refused any type of nucleoside analog (NA) treatment.Serum samples from all participants were genotyped for the HBV DNA P gene by PCR amplification and automated sequencing. Results In the group of untreated patients, the main mutations were rtA181V/T10 (20.8%) , rtN/H238T/D/S10 (20.8%) , and rtV214A 13 (27.1%) .In the group of adefovir-treated patients, the main mutation was rtA181V/T16 (53.3%) , no rtN/H238T/D/S mutant was detected, and only one patient carried the rtV214A mutant of the HBV RT region. Conclusion CHB patients carry adefovir-resistance mutations that arise spontaneously, as detected in untreated patients.These resistance mutations mainly included rtV214A and rtN/H238T/D/S.However, CHB patients treated with adefovir carried less resistance mutations overall but had a much higher incidence of the rtA181V/T mutation, suggesting that this mutation may be primary or induced by adefovir.
[1]Locarnini S, Qi X, Arterburn S, et al.Incidence and predic-tors of emergence of HBV mutations associated with ADV re-sistance during 4 years of adefovir therapy for patients withchronic HBV[J].Hepatology, 2006, 41:A36.
[3]Angus P, Vaughan R, Xiong S, et al.Resistance to adefovir-dipivoxil therapy associated with the selection of a novel mu-tation in the HBV polymerase[J].Gastroenterology, 2003, 125 (2) :292.
[4]Qi X, Snow A, Thibault V, et al.Longterm incidence of adefovirdipivoxil resistance in chronic hepatitis B patients after 144weeks of therapy[J].Hepatology, 2004, 40 (suppl1) :57.
[5]Perrillo R, Hann HW, Mutimer D, et al.Adefovir dipivoxil addedto ongoing lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B with YMDD mutanthepatitis B virus[J].Gastroenterology, 2004, 126 (1) :81.
[6]Barcena R, Del Campo S, Moraleda G, et al.Study on theefficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil treatment in post livertransplant patients with hepatitis B virus infection and lamivu-dine resistant hepatitis B virus[J].Transplant Proc, 2005, 37 (9) :3960-3962.
[8]Kobayashi S, Ide T, Sata M.Detection of YMDD motif muta-tions in some lamivudine-untreated asymptomatic hepatitisB virus carriers[J].Hepatology, 2001, 34 (4) :584-586.
[9]Heo J, Cho M, Kim HH, et al.Detection of YMDD motifmutants by oligonucleotide chips in lamivudine untreated pa-tients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection[J].J KoreanMed Sci, 2004, 19 (4) :541-546.
[11]Mirandola S, Campagnolo D, Bortoletto G, et al.Large-scalesurvey of naturally occurring HBV polymerase mutations associat-ed with anti-HBV drug resistance in untreated patients with chro-nic hepatitis B[J].J Viral Hepat, 2011, 18 (7) :e212-216.
[12]Ismail AM, Samuel P, Eapen CE, et al.Antiviral resistancemutations and genotype-associated amino acid substitu-tions in treatment-nave hepatitis B virus-infected individu-als from the Indian subcontinent[J].Intervirology, 2012, 55 (1) :36-44.
[13]Yeh CT, Chien RN, Chu CM, et al.Clearance of the originalhepatitis B virus YMDD motif mutants with emergence of dis-tinct lamivudine-resistantmutants during prolonged lamivudinetherapy[J].Hepatology, 2000, 31 (6) :1318-1326.
[14]Bartholomcusz A, Locarnini SA.Antiviral drug resistance:clinical consequences and molecular aspects[J].SeminLiver Dis, 2006, 26 (2) :162-170.
Kang WenZhen, Huang DeDong, Li Yuan, Zhuang Yan, Zhai Song, Zhao Ke, Xie YuMei, Sun YongTao. HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2011, 27(1): 68-71+80.
Kang WenZhen, Huang DeDong, Li Yuan, Zhuang Yan, Zhai Song, Zhao Ke, Xie YuMei, Sun YongTao. HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2011, 27(1): 68-71+80.