2015年WHO慢性乙型肝炎感染患者的预防、护理和治疗指南

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发布日期：2015-01-03

英文标题：Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection

来源：WHO官网

制定者：世界卫生组织

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Hepatitis B infection is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), an enveloped DNA virus that infects the liver, causing hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation. HBV infection can be either acute or chronic, and the associated illness ranges in severity from asymptomatic to symptomatic, progressive disease. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) – defined as persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for six months or more – is a major public health problem. Worldwide, there are an estimated 240 million chronically infected persons, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The major complications of CHB are cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Between 20% and 30% of those who become chronically infected will develop these complications, and an estimated 650 000 people will die annually due to CHB. The majority of people are unaware of their HBV infection, and therefore often present with advanced disease. Universal hepatitis B immunization programmes that target infants, with the first dose at birth, have been highly effective in reducing the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B in many endemic countries. However, these programmes will not have an impact on HBV-related deaths until several decades after their introduction.