In August 2023, the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) published the ESOT Consensus Statement on Biomarkers in Liver Transplantation online. The consensus statement focuses on biomarkers in liver transplantation, clinical applicability, and future needs and explores the role of new biomarkers in predicting liver transplantation outcomes by reviewing the literature on primary disease recurrence, development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and safe weaning of immunosuppression. This consensus statement conducts studies from the four aspects of recurrent liver disease after liver transplantation, recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, weaning of immunosuppression, and CKD progression, emphasizes the importance of biomarkers in predicting or detecting disease recurrence, and proposes that large-scale prospective studies are still needed to improve the quality of evidence. The author’s team gives an excerpt of the consensus statement and systematically introduces the four aspects of the consensus statement and related discussions and conclusions, in order to provide more evidence-based medical evidence for identifying and exploring new biomarkers for liver transplantation.