Objective To measure the expression of Gremlin- 1 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) and liver tissues of patients with primary liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Methods PBMCs were obtained from 21 patients with primary liver cancer and 17 patients with liver cirrhosis during June to December 2012, as well as 15 healthy donors as control. The mRNA expression of Gremlin- 1 in PBMCs was measured by real- time quantitative PCR; the expression of Gremlin- 1 in the liver tissues of 10 patients with primary liver cancer was measured by immunohistochemistry. Comparison between groups was made by analysis of variance. Results Compared with that in control group, the mRNA expression of Gremlin- 1 in PBMCs was up- regulated by 3. 5 and 4. 4 times in patients with primary liver cancer and liver cirrhosis, respectively ( P = 0. 003 4; P = 0. 002 6) . Gremlin- 1 was highly expressed in the liver tissues of patients with primary liver cancer, with a positive rate of 72. 5%, while it was lowly or not expressed in the normal liver tissue, with a positive rate of 12. 1%; there was a significant difference in the positive rate between patients with primary liver cancer and the control group ( P < 0. 001) , but there was no significant difference in the positive rate between poorly differentiated carcinoma and well differentiated carcinoma ( 74. 7% vs 69. 1%, P > 0. 05) . The immunohistochemistry showed that Gremlin- 1 was expressed mainly in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of liver tumor and partly in stromal cells including vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Conclusion The up- regulated expression of Gremlin- 1 may be closely associated with the development of primary liver cancer and liver cirrhosis.
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