This paper reviews traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) physicians' understanding of liver failure including its TCM causes,mechanisms,positions,and syndrome differentiation in various dynasties.The results suggest that modern researchers agree with ancient physicians on these aspects of liver failure.Based on achievements of ancient TCM physicians,modern researchers have further developed and improved their understanding of TCM causes,mechanisms,positions,and syndrome differentiation of liver failure.Moreover,this paper discusses the treatment of chronic liver failure with yang-supporting therapy,which provides a novel perspective and method for treating chronic liver failure.