Advances in multidisciplinary individualized treatment of refractory hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis( HAE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease that seriously threatens the population in western China and compromises patients' quality of life. With the continuous improvement in radical resection rate in recent years,late- stage HAE patients that were incurable in the past now have the opportunity for radical resection. However,patients who are not suitable candidates for radical resection still suffer from various complications and poor quality of life. Therefore,HAE is still considered a refractory and complex disease. The simple empirical treatment model provided by traditional professional discussion is unable to satisfy the treatment of advanced refractory HAE as it is unable to integrate specialized,standardized clinical skills for diagnosis and treatment. Multidisciplinary individualized treatment( MDT) organically integrates the advantages of the available treatment into a reasonable individualized comprehensive treatment regimen. This review summarizes the advances in MDT for HAE as the best option to increase long- term survival,and suggests MDT as the first- line treatment for late- stage refractory hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.