Acute-on-chronic liver failure( ACLF),a severe hepatic syndrome,is the most common type of hepatic failure in China,which has no specific treatment until now. Traditional therapies mainly include comprehensive medical treatment,artificial liver support system( ALSS),and liver transplantation. In recent years,several novel approaches including new ALSS,hepatocellular transplantation,stem cell transplantation,colony stimulating factor,and combination therapies have been proposed with the constant development of biotechnologies and cytotechnologies. In the present review,the traditional therapies,as well as the mechanism and characteristics of new approaches to the treatment of ACLF,are summarized. Then,the current application,problems,and advances of these new approaches are also discussed.
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