Chronic hepatitis B is an important public health issue in China. The drugs used as the antiviral therapy for hepatitis B are mainly interferons and nucleos( t) ide analogues. Although these drugs have realized persistent HBV inhibition in most patients,a large number of patients cannot achieve immune control and functional cure. It is believed that in the future,with the research and development of new target drugs,we will defeat HBV in the way we defeated HCV.
[1]OTT JJ,STEVENS GA,GROEGER J,et al.Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection:new estimates of agespecific HBs Ag seroprevalence and endemicity[J].Vaccine,2012,30(12):2212-2219.
|
[2]LOZANO R,NAGHAVI M,FOREMAN K,et al.Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J].Lancet,2012,380(9859):2095-2128.
|
[3]LIANG X,BI S,YANG W,et al.Epidemiological serosurvey of hepatitis B in China—declining HBV prevalence due to hepatitis B vaccination[J].Vaccine,2009,27(47):6550-6557.
|
[4]LIANG X,BI S,YANG W,et al.Evaluation of the impact of hepatitis B vaccination among children born during 1992-2005 in China[J].J Infect Dis,2009,200(1):39-47.
|
[5]LU FM,ZHUANG H.Management of hepatitis B in China[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2009,122(1):3-4.
|
[6] Chinese Society of Hepatology,Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases,Chinese Medical Association.The guideline of prevention and treatment for chronic hepatitis B:a 2015 update[J].J Clin Hepatol,2015,31(12):1941-1960.(in Chinese)中华医学会肝病学分会,中华医学会感染病学分会.慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2015年更新版)[J].临床肝胆病杂志,2015,31(12):1941-1960.
|
[7]CHANG TT,LAI CL,YOON SK,et al.Entecavir treatment for up to 5 years in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology,2010,51(2):422-430.
|
[8]MARCELLIN P,GANE EJ,FLISIAK R,et al.Long term treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B infection is safe and well tolerated and associated with durable virologic response with no detectable resistance:8 year results from two phase 3 trials[J].Hepatology,2014,60:313a-314a.
|
[9]LAU GK,PIRATVISUTH T,LUO KX,et al.Peginterferon alfa-2a,lamivudine,and the combination for HBeA g-positive chronic hepatitis B[J].N Engl J Med,2005,352(26):2682-2695.
|
[10]MARCELLIN P,LAU GK,BONINO F,et al.Peginterferon alfa-2a alone,lamivudine alone,and the two in combination in patients with HBeA g-negative chronic hepatitis B[J].N Engl J Med,2004,351(12):1206-1217.
|
[11]TENNEY DJ,ROSE RE,BALDICK CJ,et al.Long-term monitoring shows hepatitis B virus resistance to entecavir in nucleoside-naive patients is rare through 5 years of therapy[J].Hepatology,2009,49(5):1503-1514.
|
[12]CHANG TT,LIAW YF,WU SS,et al.Long-term entecavir therapy results in the reversal of fibrosis/cirrhosis and continued histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology,2010,52(3):886-893.
|
[13]LOK AS.Hepatitis:long-term therapy of chronic hepatitis B reverses cirrhosis[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2013,10(4):199-200.
|
[14]MARCELLIN P,GANE E,BUTI M,et al.Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B:a 5-year open-label follow-up study[J].Lancet,2013,381(9865):468-475.
|
[15]FUNG S,KWAN P,FABRI M,et al.Randomized comparison of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B[J].Gastroenterology,2014,146(4):980-988.
|
[16]LIM YS,YOO BC,BYUN KS,et al.Tenofovir monotherapy versus tenofovir and entecavir combination therapy in adefovir-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients with multiple drug failure:results of a randomised trial[J].Gut,2015,65(6):1042-1051.
|
[17]PATTERSON SJ,GEORGE J,STRASSER SI,et al.Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate rescue therapy following failure of both lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil in chronic hepatitis B[J].Gut,2011,60(2):247-254.
|
[18]BERG T,ZOULIM F,MOELLER B,et al.Long-term efficacy and safety of emtricitabine plus tenofovir DF vs.tenofovir DF monotherapy in adefovir-experienced chronic hepatitis B patients[J].J Hepatol,2014,60(4):715-722.
|
[19]SUNG JJ,LAI JY,ZEUZEM S,et al.Lamivudine compared with lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of HBeA g-positive chronic hepatitis B[J].J Hepatol,2008,48(5):728-735.
|
[20]KEEFFE EB,ZEUZEM S,KOFF RS,et al.Report of an international workshop:roadmap for management of patients receiving oral therapy for chronic hepatitis B[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol,2007,5(8):890-897.
|
[21]XIE Q,SUN J,TAN D,et al.5-year treatment with telbivudine optimization strategy for chronic hepatitis B shows sustained viral suppression and low resistance to telbivudine[J].Hepatol Int,2016,10:s451-s452.
|
[22]LOK AS,TRINH H,CAROSI G,et al.Efficacy of entecavir with or without tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for nucleos(t)ide-na6ve patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Gastroenterology,2012,143(3):619-628.
|
[23]PIRATVISUTH T,LAU G,CHAO YC,et al.Sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2a(40 k D)with or without lamivudine in Asian patients with HBeA g-positive and HBeA g-negative chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatol Int,2008,2(1):102-110.
|
[24]MARCELLIN P,BONINO F,LAU GK,et al.Sustained response of hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients 3 years after treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a[J].Gastroenterology,2009,136(7):2169-2179.
|
[25]LAMPERTICO P,VIGANO M,di COSTANZO GG,et al.Randomised study comparing 48 and 96 weeks peginterferonα-2a therapy in genotype D HBeA g-negative chronic hepatitis B[J].Gut,2013,62(2):290-298.
|
[26]SUN J,MA H,XIE Q,et al.Response-guided peginterferon therapy in patients with HBeA g-positive chronic hepatitis B:a randomized controlled study[J].J Hepatol,2016,65(4):674-682.
|
[27]JANSSEN HL,van ZONNEVELD M,SENTURK H,et al.Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeA g-positive chronic hepatitis B:a randomised trial[J].Lancet,2005,365(9454):123-129.
|
[28]XIE Q,ZHOU H,BAI X,et al.A randomized,open-label clinical study of combined pegylated interferon alfa-2a(40KD)and entecavir treatment for hepatitis B“e”antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B[J].Clin Infect Dis,2014,59(12):1714-1723.
|
[29]MARCELLIN P,AHN SH,MA X,et al.Combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and peginterferon alpha-2a increases loss of hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Gastroenterology,2016,150(1):46-60.
|
[30]FAN R,SUN J,HOU J.Combination therapy with tenofovir and peginterferon may not be translated into current clinical practice[J].Gastroenterology,2016,150(5):1253-1254.
|
[31]PAN CQ,DUAN Z,DAI E,et al.Tenofovir to prevent hepatitis B transmission in mothers with high viral load[J].N Engl J Med,2016,374(24):2324-2334.
|