中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R
Volume 38 Issue 2
Feb.  2022
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents

Advances and challenges in clinical research on hepatic hydrothorax

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.02.040
Research funding:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (81270484);

Jilin Provincial Finance Department Project (JLSCZD2019-027)

More Information
  • Corresponding author: JIN Qinglong, jinql@jlu.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 2021-10-10
  • Accepted Date: 2021-11-15
  • Published Date: 2022-02-20
  • Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a challenging complication of liver cirrhosis associated with portal hypertension, and its pathogenesis and therapeutic measures remain unknown. This article summarizes and reviews the advances and challenges in the research on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of HH and proposes a multidisciplinary treatment strategy, including reducing the production of ascites, preventing effusion from entering the thoracic cavity, removing pleural effusion, occluding the pleural cavity, and performing liver transplantation, so as to provide a reference for more clinicians.

     

  • loading
  • [1]
    KROK KL, CÁRDENAS A. Hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2012, 33(1): 3-10. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1301729.
    [2]
    BANINI BA, ALWATARI Y, STOVALL M, et al. Multidisciplinary management of hepatic hydrothorax in 2020: An evidence-based review and guidance[J]. Hepatology, 2020, 72(5): 1851-1863. DOI: 10.1002/hep.31434.
    [3]
    CARDENAS A, KELLEHER T, CHOPRA S. Review article: Hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2004, 20(3): 271-279. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02081.x.
    [4]
    CHAABAN T, KANJ N, BOU AKL I. Hepatic hydrothorax: An updated review on a challenging disease[J]. Lung, 2019, 197(4): 399-405. DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00231-6.
    [5]
    MATEI D, CRACIUN R, CRISAN D, et al. Hepatic hydrothorax-an independent decompensating event associated with long-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis[J]. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(16): 3688. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163688.
    [6]
    MORROW CS, KANTOR M, ARMEN RN. Hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Ann Intern Med, 1958, 49(1): 193-203. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-49-1-193.
    [7]
    ISLAM N, ALI S, KABIR H. Hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Br J Dis Chest, 1965, 59(4): 222-227. DOI: 10.1016/s0007-0971(65)80053-5.
    [8]
    MEIGS JV, ARMSTRONG SH, HAMILTON HH, et al. A further contribution to the syndrome of fibroma of the ovary with fluid in the abdomen and chest, Meigs' syndrome[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1943, 46: 19-37.
    [9]
    DUMONT AE, MULHOLLAND JH. Flow rate and composition of thoracic-duct lymph in patients with cirrhosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1960, 263: 471-474. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM196009082631001.
    [10]
    EMERSON PA, DAVIES JH. Hydrothorax complicating ascites[J]. Lancet, 1955, 268(6862): 487-488. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(55)90269-5.
    [11]
    ROUSSOS A, PHILIPPOU N, MANTZARIS GJ, et al. Hepatic hydrothorax: Pathophysiology diagnosis and management[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007, 22(9): 1388-1393. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05069.x.
    [12]
    HUANG PM, CHANG YL, YANG CY, et al. The morphology of diaphragmatic defects in hepatic hydrothorax: Thoracoscopic finding[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2005, 130(1): 141-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.08.051.
    [13]
    MVCKE VT, FITTING D, DULTZ G, et al. Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound to detect hepatic hydrothorax in patients with liver cirrhosis[J]. Ultraschall Med, 2020. DOI: 10.1055/a-1189-2937.[Online ahead of print]
    [14]
    AJMI S, HASSINE H, ARIFA N, et al. Large diaphragmatic defect as the cause of hydrothorax in a cirrhotic patient: Demonstration with peritoneal scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Magn Reson Imaging, 2004, 22(3): 431-433. DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2004.01.001.
    [15]
    HEWETT LJ, BRADSHAW ML, GORDON LL, et al. Diagnosis of isolated hepatic hydrothorax using peritoneal scintigraphy[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64(4): 1364-1366. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28634.
    [16]
    YUTAKA Y, FUKAO A, SHIRASE T, et al. A novel surgical approach to refractory hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(3): e75-e76. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.03.112.
    [17]
    NORVELL JP, SPIVEY JR. Hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2014, 18(2): 439-449. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2014.01.005.
    [18]
    BADILLO R, ROCKEY DC. Hepatic hydrothorax: Clinical features, management, and outcomes in 77 patients and review of the literature[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2014, 93(3): 135-142. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000025.
    [19]
    CHRISTOFFERSEN S. CT verified cause of death in hepatic hydrothorax without ascites[J]. Forensic Sci Int, 2010, 198(1-3): e11-e13. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.01.009.
    [20]
    GURUNG P, GOLDBLATT M, HUGGINS JT, et al. Pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic characteristics of hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Chest, 2011, 140(2): 448-453. DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-2134.
    [21]
    MØLLER S, HENRIKSEN JH. Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis[J]. Gut, 2008, 57(2): 268-278. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.112177.
    [22]
    XIOL X, CASTELLOTE J, BALIELLAS C, et al. Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: Analysis of eleven cases[J]. Hepatology, 1990, 11(3): 365-370. DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840110306.
    [23]
    SESE E, XIOL X, CASTELLOTE J, et al. Low complement levels and opsonic activity in hepatic hydrothorax: Its relationship with spontaneous bacterial empyema[J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2003, 36(1): 75-77. DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200301000-00020.
    [24]
    MOHAMED A, ATEF M, ALSEBAEY A, et al. Combined spontaneous bacterial empyema and peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites and hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Arab J Gastroenterol, 2017, 18(2): 104-107. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2017.05.010.
    [25]
    LV Y, HAN G, FAN D. Hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Ann Hepatol, 2018, 17(1): 33-46. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7533.
    [26]
    MOORE KP, WONG F, GINES P, et al. The management of ascites in cirrhosis: Report on the consensus conference of the International Ascites Club[J]. Hepatology, 2003, 38(1): 258-266. DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50315.
    [27]
    IBRISIM D, CAKALOGLU Y, AKYUZ F, et al. Treatment of hepatic hydrothorax with terlipressin in a cirrhotic patient[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2006, 41(7): 862-865. DOI: 10.1080/00365520500527441.
    [28]
    BARREALES M, SÁENZ-LÓPEZ S, IGARZABAL A, et al. Refractory hepatic hydrothorax: Successful treatment with octreotide[J]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2005, 97(11): 830-835. DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082005001100007.
    [29]
    SPENCER EB, COHEN DT, DARCY MD. Safety and efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation for the treatment of hepatic hydrothorax[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2002, 13(4): 385-390. DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61741-2.
    [30]
    DITAH IC, AL BAWARDY BF, SABERI B, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt for medically refractory hepatic hydrothorax: A systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis[J]. World J Hepatol, 2015, 7(13): 1797-1806. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i13.1797.
    [31]
    MOUROUX J, PERRIN C, VENISSAC N, et al. Management of pleural effusion of cirrhotic origin[J]. Chest, 1996, 109(4): 1093-1096. DOI: 10.1378/chest.109.4.1093.
    [32]
    JUNG Y, SONG SY, NA KJ, et al. Minimally invasive surgical strategy for refractory hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2020, 57(5): 881-887. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz342.
    [33]
    HUANG PM, KUO SW, CHEN JS, et al. Thoracoscopic mesh repair of diaphragmatic defects in hepatic hydrothorax: A 10-year experience[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 101(5): 1921-1927. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.11.023.
    [34]
    NORTHUP PG, HARMON RC, PRUETT TL, et al. Mechanical pleurodesis aided by peritoneal drainage: Procedure for hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 87(1): 245-250. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.10.013.
    [35]
    GILBERT CR, SHOJAEE S, MALDONADO F, et al. Pleural interventions in the management of hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Chest, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.043.[Online ahead of print]
    [36]
    SOBOTKA LA, SPITZER C, HINTON A, et al. Management of hepatic hydrothorax and effect on length of stay, mortality, cost, and 30-day hospital readmission[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(4): 641-647. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14842.
    [37]
    RIDHA A, AL-ABBOODI Y, FASULLO M. The outcome of thoracentesis versus chest tube placement for hepatic hydrothorax in patients with cirrhosis: A nationwide analysis of the national inpatient sample[J]. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2017, 2017: 5872068. DOI: 10.1155/2017/5872068.
    [38]
    RUNYON BA. Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012[J]. Hepatology, 2013, 57(4): 1651-1653. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26359.
    [39]
    TREMBLAY A, MICHAUD G. Single-center experience with 250 tunnelled pleural catheter insertions for malignant pleural effusion[J]. Chest, 2006, 129(2): 362-368. DOI: 10.1378/chest.129.2.362.
    [40]
    PATIL M, DHILLON SS, ATTWOOD K, et al. Management of benign pleural effusions using indwelling pleural catheters: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Chest, 2017, 151(3): 626-635. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.10.052.
    [41]
    HAAS KP, CHEN AC. Indwelling tunneled pleural catheters for the management of hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2017, 23(4): 351-356. DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000386.
    [42]
    ARTEMIOU O, MARTA GM, KLEPETKO W, et al. Pleurovenous shunting in the treatment of nonmalignant pleural effusion[J]. Ann Thorac Surg, 2003, 76(1): 231-233. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)00193-0.
    [43]
    SINGH A, BAJWA A, SHUJAAT A. Evidence-based review of the management of hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Respiration, 2013, 86(2): 155-173. DOI: 10.1159/000346996.
    [44]
    HOU F, QI X, GUO X. Effectiveness and safety of pleurodesis for hepatic hydrothorax: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2016, 61(11): 3321-3334. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4260-9.
    [45]
    XIOL X, TREMOSA G, CASTELLOTE J, et al. Liver transplantation in patients with hepatic hydrothorax[J]. Transpl Int, 2005, 18(6): 672-675. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00116.x.
    [46]
    XIOL X, CASTELLVí JM, GUARDIOLA J, et al. Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: A prospective study[J]. Hepatology, 1996, 23(4): 719-723. DOI: 10.1002/hep.510230410.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Tables(3)

    Article Metrics

    Article views (674) PDF downloads(83) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return