Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome with the manifestations of liver failure such as acute deepening of jaundice and coagulation disorder due to various predisposing factors, characterized by multiple organ failure and high mortality rate within a short period of time. In terms of traditional Chinese medicine, ACLF belongs to the categories of "acute jaundice", "scourge jaundice", and "liver failure", and now there is still a lack of specific medical treatment methods in clinical practice. With the orientation of "key clinical problems of traditional Chinese and Western medicine" in the guidelines, the working group constructed the clinical problems associated with ACLF based on the principles of Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, and Outcomes and followed the principles of evidence-based medicine. Through systematic review and objective evaluation of the clinical evidence concerning the efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for ACLF in the past 10 years, the guidelines were developed with reference to the latest diagnosis and treatment guidelines and expert consensus in China and globally and the comments from multidisciplinary experts, in order to provide guidance and reference for the diagnosis and treatment of ACLF among clinicians and further improve the diagnosis and treatment level of ACLF in China.
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