In May 2023, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) published AASLD Practice Guidance on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023) online. The guidance mainly focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provides corresponding suggestions and guidance for the problems existing in current clinical practice. The guidance emphasizes the importance and target population of HCC screening, specifies the diagnostic criteria and methods for early HCC, highlights the role of surgical treatment and related precautions in the treatment of HCC, and mentions the use of other treatment methods (such as radiotherapy, ablation, interventional therapy, and targeted therapy) and their own advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the guidance also introduces the details of HCC follow-up, such as examination items and frequency. The author’s team makes an excerpt of this guidance and systematically introduces the various key points for evaluation and related recommendations for clinical management, in order to provide a basis for the clinical management and decision-making of HCC patients from the aspect of evidence-based medicine.