Excerpt of an international multidisciplinary consensus statement on MAFLD and the risk of CVD （2023）

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is a common chronic liver disease around the world， affecting more than a quarter of the adult population worldwide. MAFLD is characterized by the co-occurrence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic disturbance. As a metabolic disorder， MAFLD shares a similar pathogenesis with cardiovascular disease （CVD）， and both diseases are closely associated with the well-established cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity， type 2 diabetes， and atherogenic dyslipidemia. An increasing amount of evidence has shown that MAFLD is closely associated with CVD； however， as a new risk factor for CVD， MAFLD differs from traditional risk factors for CVD， which requires further investigation. In this context， this consensus statement used the Delphi method to achieve a consensus on the association between MAFLD and the risk of CVD through two rounds of surveys and discussed the association between MAFLD and CVD in terms of epidemiological and clinical characteristics， as well as a range of topics including pathophysiological mechanisms， surveillance， and management.