Objective To investigate the association between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) /human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphisms and sporadic acute hepatitis E (AHE) .Methods A total of 42 AHE patients who were hospitalized in First Department of Hepatitis, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, from August 2015 to September 2016 were enrolled, and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group.Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood, and PCR/sequence specific primer was used for the amplification of KIR gene.Sanger sequencing was used to determine the genotype of HLA, and the association between KIR-HLA distribution and sporadic AHE was analyzed.The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results A total of 16 KIR genes were detected in each group, including inhibitory receptor genes 2DL1-3, 2DL5, and 3DL1-3, activating receptor genes 2DS1-5 and 3DS1, the special inhibitory/activating receptor gene 2DL4, internal reference gene DRB1, and pseudogene 2DP1, as well as HLA-B (including HLA-Bw4, HLA-Bw6, and HLA-Bw4/Bw6) and HLA-C (including HLA-C1/C1, HLA-C1/C2, and HLA-C2/C2) , were also detected.Compared with the control group, the AHE group had significantly lower frequencies of inhibitory genes KIR 2DL3 (64.3% vs 93.3%, P<0.05) , 2DL5 (23.8% vs 56.7%, P<0.05) , 3DL2 (71.4% vs 100%, P<0.05) , and 3DL3 (69.0% vs 100%, P<0.05) , significantly lower frequencies of HLA-C1C2 (19.0% vs 40.0%, P<0.05) and 3DL1/HLA-Bw4 (45.2% vs 73.3%, P<0.05) , and a significantly higher frequency of HLA-C1/C1 gene (71.4% vs 46.7%, P<0.05) .Conclusion The difference in the distribution of inhibitory genes KIR 2DL3, 2DL5, 3DL2, and 3DL3, HLA-C1C1/C1C2, and 3DL1/HLA-Bw4 may be associated with sporadic AHE caused by hepatitis E virus infection.
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