中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R
Volume 37 Issue 11
Nov.  2021
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents

Current status of research on the prognostic markers for acute-on-chronic liver failure

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2021.11.047
Research funding:

National Key Research Plan "Precision Medicine Research" Key Project (2017YFC0908104)

  • Received Date: 2021-03-26
  • Accepted Date: 2021-04-13
  • Published Date: 2021-11-20
  • Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by multiple organ failure and high short-term mortality rate, and it has always been a research hotspot in the field of severe liver diseases. Therefore, early and accurate risk stratification and timely intervention are of great significance to improve prognosis. This article summarizes the serum biomarkers identified in recent years for evaluating the prognosis of patients with ACLF, and it is pointed out that new serum biomarkers have an important guiding significance in the prognostic evaluation of ACLF patients.

     

  • loading
  • [1]
    MOREAU R, JALAN R, GINES P, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2013, 144(7): 1426-1437, 37 e1-9. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.
    [2]
    SARIN SK, KEDARISETTY CK, ABBAS Z, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) 2014[J]. Hepatol Int, 2014, 8(4): 453-471. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9580-2.
    [3]
    WU T, LI J, SHAO L, et al. Development of diagnostic criteria and a prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(12): 2181-2191. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314641.
    [4]
    ABBAS Z, SHAZI L. Pattern and profile of chronic liver disease in acute on chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatol Int, 2015, 9(3): 366-372. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-015-9627-z.
    [5]
    SARIN SK, CHOUDHURY A. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: terminology, mechanisms and management[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016, 13(3): 131-149. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.219.
    [6]
    LI J, LI J. Similarities and differences in pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic liver failure between the East and West[J]. Chin J Infect Dis, 2019, 37(9): 513-517. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6680.2019.09.001.

    李君, 李江. 慢加急性肝衰竭发病机制的东西方异同[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 2019, 37(9): 513-517. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6680.2019.09.001.
    [7]
    WU J, LIN S, WAN B, et al. Pyroptosis in liver disease: New insights into disease mechanisms[J]. Aging Dis, 2019, 10(5): 1094-1098. DOI: 10.14336/AD.2019.0116.
    [8]
    WU D, ZHANG S, XIE Z, et al. Plasminogen as a prognostic biomarker for HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Clin Invest, 2020, 130(4): 2069-2080. DOI: 10.1172/JCI130197.
    [9]
    WU W, LI J, CHEN F, et al. Circulating Th17 cells frequency is associated with the disease progression in HBV infected patients[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010, 25(4): 750-757. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06154.x.
    [10]
    LEEPW, SMITH AJ, YANG Y, et al. IL-23R-activated STAT3/STAT4 is essential for Th1/Th17-mediated CNS autoimmunity[J]. JCI Insight, 2017, 2(17): e91663. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91663.
    [11]
    YAMAGUCHI R, SAKAMOTO A, YAMAMOTO T, et al. Differential regulation of IL-23 production in M1 macrophages by TIR8SIGIRR through TLR4- or TLR78-medi ated signaling[J]. Cytokine, 2017, 99: 310-315. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.08.014.
    [12]
    BAO SX, ZHENG JM, LI N, et al. Role of interleukin-23 in monocyte-derived dendritic cells of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure and its correlation with the severity of liver damage[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2017, 41(2): 147-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.10.005.
    [13]
    WANG Q, ZHOU J, ZHANG B, et al. Hepatitis B virus induces IL-23 production in antigen presenting cells and causes liver damage via the IL-23/IL-17 axis[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2013, 9(6): e1003410. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003410.
    [14]
    KHANAM A, TREHANPATI N, SARIN SK. Increased interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) expression is associated with disease severity in acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Liver Int, 2019, 39(6): 1062-70. DOI: 10.1111/liv.14015.
    [15]
    MICHALOPOULOS GK. Hepatostat: Liver regeneration and normal liver tissue maintenance[J]. Hepatology, 2017, 65(4): 1384-1392. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28988.
    [16]
    CLARIA J, STAUBER RE, COENRAAD MJ, et al. Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: Characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64(4): 1249-1264. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28740.
    [17]
    SCHMIDT-ARRAS D, ROSE-JOHN S. IL-6 pathway in the liver: From physiopathology to therapy[J]. J Hepatol, 2016, 64(6): 1403-1415. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.004.
    [18]
    ZHOU C, ZHANG N, HE TT, et al. High levels of serum interleukin-6 increase mortality of hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2020, 26(30): 4479-4488. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i30.4479.
    [19]
    SHUI JW, STEINBERG MW, KRONENBERG M. Regulation of inflammation, autoimmunity, and infection immunity by HVEM-BTLA signaling[J]. J Leukoc Biol, 2011, 89(4): 517-523. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0910528.
    [20]
    SHEIKH M, ENGELMANN C, HABTESION A, et al. Inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 using TAK-242 is a novel therapy for prevention and treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 70(1): e64-e65. DOI: 10.1016/S0618-8278(19)30113-6.
    [21]
    HATO T, GOYAL L, GRETEN TF, et al. Immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma: Current progress and future directions[J]. Hepatology, 2014, 60(5): 1776-1782. DOI: 10.1002/hep.27246.
    [22]
    ZHANG Z, ZHANG JY, WHERRY EJ, et al. Dynamic programmed death 1 expression by virus-specific CD8 T cells correlates with the outcome of acute hepatitis B[J]. Gastroenterology, 2008, 134(7): 1938-1949, e1-3. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.037.
    [23]
    KAO C, OESTREICH KJ, PALEY MA, et al. Transcription factor T-bet represses expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 and sustains virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses during chronic infection[J]. Nat Immunol, 2011, 12(7): 663-671. DOI: 10.1038/ni.2046.
    [24]
    CAO D, XU H, GUO, et al. Intrahepatic expression of programmed death-1 and its ligands in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Inflammation, 2013, 36(1): 110-120. DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9525-7.
    [25]
    WENCESLAU CF, MCCARTHY CG, SZASZ T, et al. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns and vascular function[J]. Eur Heart J, 2014, 35(18): 1172-1177. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu047.
    [26]
    CAI J, HAN T, NIE C, et al. Biomarkers of oxidation stress, inflammation, necrosis and apoptosis are associated with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2016, 40(1): 41-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.06.009.
    [27]
    YAN HF, XU BX, LI XO, et al. Effects of lipopolysaccharide on proliferation, secretion and ultrastructure of kupffer cells in liver[J]. Med J Chin People's Liberation Army, 2017, 29(10): 1-4. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-140X.2017.10.001.

    闫洪锋, 徐冰心, 李晓殴, 等. 脂多糖对肝脏Kupffer细胞增殖和分泌功能及超微结构的影响[J]. 解放军医药杂志, 2017, 29(10): 1-4. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-140X.2017.10.001.
    [28]
    NI X, EPSHTEIN Y, CHEN W, et al. Interaction of integrin β4 with S1P receptors in S1P- and HGF-induced endothelial barrier enhancement[J]. J Cell Biochem, 2014, 115(6): 1187-1195. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24770.
    [29]
    INCE C, MAYEUX, PR, NGUYEN T, et al. The endothelium in sepsis[J]. Shock, 2016, 45(3): 259-270. DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000473.
    [30]
    MUCKE VT, MARIA SCHWARZKOPF K, THOMAS D, et al. Serum sphingosine-1-phosphate is decreased in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and predicts early mortality[J]. Hepatol Commun, 2020, 4(10): 1477-1486. DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1561.
    [31]
    CAO Z, LI F, XIANG X, et al. Circulating cell death biomarker: Good candidates of prognostic indicator for patients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 14240. DOI: 10.1038/srep14240.
    [32]
    KAKISAKA K, KATAOKA K, ONODERA M, et al. Alpha-fetoprotein: A biomarker for the recruitment of progenitor cells in the liver in patients with acute liver injury or failure[J]. Hepatol Res, 2015, 45(10): e12-20. DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12448.
    [33]
    WANG X, SHEN C, YANG J, et al. Alpha-fetoprotein as a predictive marker for patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 2018: 1232785. DOI: 10.1155/2018/1232785.
    [34]
    SHIMIZU M, HARA A, OKUNO M, et al. Mechanism of retarded liver regeneration in plasminogen activator-deficient mice: Impaired activation of hepatocyte growth factor after Fas-mediated massive hepatic apoptosis[J]. Hepatology, 2001, 33(3): 569-576. DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.22650.
    [35]
    BEZERRA JA, BUGGE TH, MELIN-ALDANA H, et al. Plasminogen deficiency leads to impaired remodeling after a toxic injury to the liver[J]. Proc Natl Acad Aci USA, 1999, 96(26): 15143-15148. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15143.
    [36]
    RENSEN SS, SLAATS Y, DRIESSEN A, et al. Activation of the complement system in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Hepatology, 2009, 50(6): 1809-1817. DOI: 10.1002/hep.23228
    [37]
    LI Q, LU Q, ZHU MQ, et al. Lower level of complement component C3 and C3a in the plasma means poor outcome in the patients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. BMC Gastroenterol, 2020, 20(1): 106. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01258-3.
    [38]
    BOLTJES A, MOVITA D, BOONSTRA A, et al. The role of Kupffer cells in hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 61(3): 660-671. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.026.
    [39]
    RODGAARD-HANSEN S, RAFIQUE A, WEIS N, et al. Increased concentrations of the soluble mannose receptor in serum from patients with pneumococcal bacteraemia, and prediction of survival[J]. Infect Dis (Lond), 2015, 47(4): 203-208. DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.984321.
    [40]
    ANDERSEN ES, RODGAARD-HANSEN S, MOESSNER B, et al. Macrophage-related serum biomarkers soluble CD163 (sCD163) and soluble mannose receptor (sMR) to differentiate mild liver fibrosis from cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A pilot study[J]. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2014, 33(1): 117-122. DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1936-3.
    [41]
    GRONBAEK H, RODGAARD-HANSEN S, AAGAARD NK, et al. Macrophage activation markers predict mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis without or with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)[J]. J Hepatol, 2016, 64(4): 813-822. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.021.
    [42]
    ARIZA X, GRAUPERA I, COLL M, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a biomarker of acute-on-chronic liver failure and prognosis in cirrhosis[J]. J Hepatol, 2016, 65(1): 57-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.002.
    [43]
    AFSAR B. Pathophysiology of copeptin in kidney disease and hypertension[J]. Clin Hypertens, 2017, 23: 13. DOI: 10.1186/s40885-017-0068-y.
    [44]
    BARRETO R, ELIA C, SOLA E, et al. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin predicts kidney outcome and death in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 61(1): 35-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.023.
    [45]
    LU J, LIN L, YE C, et al. Serum NGAL is superior to cystatin C in predicting the prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Ann Hepatol, 2019, 18(1): 155-164. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7907.
    [46]
    CHEN XP, SU S, ZHOU PC, et al. MiR-494 alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway[J]. Ogran Transplantation, 2019, 10(3): 295-301. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.03.012.

    陈鑫培, 苏松, 周鹏程, 等. MiR-494通过激活PI3K/AKT通路减轻大鼠肝缺血——再灌注损伤[J]. 器官移植, 2019, 10(3): 295-301. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.03.012.
    [47]
    CHENG HR, KAO JH, WU HL, et al. Clinical significance of circulating miR-122 in patients with dual chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection[J]. Hepatol Int, 2015, 9(1): 35-42. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9591-z.
    [48]
    WESESLINDTNER L, MACHELEIDT I, EISCHEID H, et al. Micro RNAs miR-106a, miR-122 and miR-197 are increased in severe acuteviral hepatitis with coagulopathy[J]. Liver Int, 2016, 36(3): 353-360. DOI: 10.1111/liv.12961.
    [49]
    WEN Y, PENG SF, FU L, et al. Serum levels of miRNA in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2018, 17(2): 126-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.03.004.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Article Metrics

    Article views (512) PDF downloads(60) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return